Gender, income and wealth Essay Example for Free

Gender, income and wealth EssayGender is a term that has been used many multiplication to describe the different social roles that men and women play in the society. It is also used to explain the biological difference between a man and a woman. However, sexual urge violence, whether on men or on women varies with different communities. Even up to date, there are some societies that still emphasize on the roles and tasks that single men or women can do. Scientific studies on the social life of humans arouse shown that we are the ones who create inequality amongst ourselves by defining the roles that we should retort and leaving those that we dont want to others. Gender difference is however great because it gives the rights and privileges to both women and men. But if viewed from a negative perspective, gender inequality can be defied as a realness wide problem.Gender is one of the many determinants of what income a person should be given. In some countries, it is easy fo r men to get soundly paying jobs over women. This is especially the case in the developing countries where the level of education does non really matter when it comes to job hunting. The situation gets even worsened where the outstanding jobs can only be given to the men because it is believed that they are better at decision making than women. Statistics have proved that 46 share of all labor consists of women. However, women represent 75 percent of all the laborers with the grimest income or wages, and only 13 percent represent women of the best paid laborers.The gender factor is also seen to take effect at many homes, where many people believe that a husband should be earning more than the wife. Many husbands regain inferior, especially when they are unable to provide for their families and the wives take on the role of the provider. They believe that they should be the heads of the family and should be in charge of the major activities, including making important decisions . The fact that wives should be submissive to their husbands should not be mistaken as a reason to be discriminated. In general we can say that the world is facing major challenges because of gender inequality. (Karuna Jaggar, 2007)It is not so easy to measure the relation of gender to wealth. This is because most of the wealth is common within members of the same plate hold, which consists of both a man and a woman. However, it is a fact that men are likely to own more assets than women. Women dont normally own such investments as bonds, stocks or other financial assets as much as men do. Furthermore, most men have retirement accounts, while most women do not have such accounts, and in addition to that, the pensions of women in most cases are less than those of the men. The gender factor also shows that non married households are not as wealthy as the married households. Also, divorced women contribute more to the labor market as compared to the married women. Married women will f eel financially punch because of their husbands, but after they are divorced, their economic condition is affected a lot. The same case applies to widowed women.However, divorce does not have a big effect on the men as it has on the women, because they are always working so their wealth is not affected so much. Women who have never been married own the least wealth of all the house holds. They are said to own only a quarter of the wealth that the non married men own. From the late 1980s, the women initiatives have been helping the women to improve their financial security by advising them to start up small micro enterprises. The reason behind the start of the businesses is because they have very low start up costs, and are hence affordable to the women. Micro enterprises are competent, marketable, and require simple management by the owners. These businesses help women with low wealth and poor incomes to improve their financial status. (Karuna Jaggar, 2007) In general, we can say t hat gender inequality is a factor that is pulling the efforts to civilization behind and needfully to be addressed.References1) Chang, Mariko, 2007, His and Hers Explaining the Gender riches Gap, retrieved on 1/30/2009 from http//www.allacademic.com/meta/p109260_index.html2) Edlund Lena, Kopczuk Wojciech, 2007, Women, wealth and mobility National bureau of economic research, New York, Cambridge press3) Karuna Jaggar, 2007, The Race and Gender Wealth Gap, retrieved on 1/30/2009 from http//urbanhabitat.org/node/2815

Art & Literature Have No Place in the Modern World Essay Example for Free

trick Literature Have No Place in the unexampled World EssayCreating and expressing ones self through various media, such as art and literary works, has been a desire of mankind since the beginning of time. Art form and literature has been employ to express mankinds deepest observations, approximately profound thinking and firmest beliefs it encompasses many genres such as paintings,drama, poetry and novels. While both the physical arts and literature be a form of self-expression, each also represents a profession. It enriches the necessary competencies that daily life requires and provides and in this respect, it irrigates the deserts that our lives have already become. This adage is perhaps the most appropriate description of the importance of literature in our lives. As Amy Lowell quotes, Art is the desire of a man to express himself, to record the reactions of his personality to the world he lives in. When we look around us, we see a lot of things that relate to art.. , contain art.. , are art.. and shows art.. Art is everywhere because volume need to use it for daily uses. Art can come in the form of many things, including posters, murals, portraits, covers, paintings and more. This is enough to show how art and literature are blended into our lives.Music, paintings, sculptures, epics, fictions, movies, stories. and so on and so forrader are all a part of us. Is there a home in this modern world without a painting on the wall or a deck which doesnt hum their favourite tune or a rack with Fredrick Forsyth or James Hadley Chase novels? Even a tike of this generation has his ears plugged all the time either listening to a soulful raga or a foot tapping Michael Jackson and reading either a religious book or a comic or an encyclopedia. this is the common usage of art and literature.Art can also be utilise to liven up things in this world. It may non have a specific idea or meaning but it can be used to make things look better and more complete. When you write a project, it looks dull just with words, but when you add a picture or two to it, it looks overmuch better because now there is visual aid. Art is found everywhere, including parks, school, malls,homes and is used just to make the place more comfortable and appealing to the eye. It can both(prenominal)times act as filler because it looks better than to just leave something on its own.It is through reading great literary and poetic works, that one understands life. They help a person take a closer look at the different facets of life. In many ways, it can change ones perspective towards life. Lives of brilliant achievers and individuals who have do a valuable contribution to society, are sketched in their biographies. These works give the readers an insight into the lives of these eminent population and sometimes help people change for the good. Friends, wear thint you agree that Art and literature are great tools for learning.They can be found almost everywhere where there is a school. They are historic because of what they can be used for. It is fun and acts as an interactive tool for learners who learn to appreciate art and literature for what it can do for them. In the process, people can learn a lot. Sometimes, art and writing go hand in hand. Art and literature serves as an enormous information base. Many people depend on art and literature. battalion who draw and write are not the only people who use and make money out of it.People who are book publishers, magazine editors, newspaper people, painters, actors all need to use art to supplement their work. Art and literature are used by some people directly andsome indirectly. People can choose to make a profession out of this because it is fun for them it is something that they like to do, and more. Hence I strongly believe that we had art and literature in our blood since ages and is still used and appreciated by us in different forms in the modern world. There is not even a singl e person in this room who doesnt love music or reading

Romantic relationships and academic grade point average

Romantic races and academician invest point averageThis choose pass on be conducted to investigate whether or not in that respect is an association among occasion in a quixotic affinity and academic grade point average (grade point average) amongst pharmacy students.METHODS chemists students in their scratch line, second, and third professional yrs of the traditional Doctor of pharmaceutics program at Shenandoah University Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy in Winchester, Virginia allow for be utilized as subjects for the deal. Fourth-year and non-traditional students leave alone be excluded from participation due to circumscribed or no accessibility. By elbow room of convenience sampling, approximately 355 students from the Winchester and Ashburn campuses of the take of pharmacy will be administered a survey at the end of the spring semester. but students who are present and in class on the twenty-four hour period the survey is administered will participate. Bas ed on their responses to the third survey question concerning current romantic family kind and corresponding vitality locating, the students will be separated into groups ranked from least involved to most involved with respect to current romantic relationship status these groups will be designated single, casual partner, serious partner, and espouse. After all students bring been placed into a group, their grade point averages will be analyzed and compared to examine if there exists a correlation amidst involvement in vari commensurate levels of romantic relationships and pharmacy school grade point average. We hypothesize that involvement in a romantic relationship will nonplus an put on GPA.RESULTS N/A.CONCLUSIONS We conclude that involvement in a romantic relationship affects pharmacy school GPA. Students who will be or are presently enrolled in a potassium alum program can use the info from this study to make decisions concerning involvement in romantic relationsh ips and extracurricular commitments.Introduction piece there have been m any studies on the effect of academic grade point average (GPA) (given a wide range of variables), it is unknown, up to this point, if relationship status affects GPA, and if so, how it affects GPA (positively or negatively). The rationale for this protrudek project is that there have been no previous studies on GPA and relationship status for fine-tune students currently enrolled in pharmacy school. While control research has been conducted on GPA and relationship status, there was more focus on adolescents (high school students). Previous limited studies performed on pharmacy students include variables such as test anxiety, cartridge clip management, test competence, academic competence, and study techniques. The scope of this research project is to study the do of relationship status on GPA for graduate students in pharmacy school. As a result, the same study can be performed on any graduate school pro gram, not simply pharmacy, using the same survey questionnaire.We hypothesize that involvement in a romantic relationship will have an effect on GPA. Relationship status, in this study, is defined as any one of the following single casual partner serious partner married. being in a relationship is defined as all of the latter except single. diverse variables considered in this project (gender, age, year of study, hours dedicated to studying per week, importance of GPA, and hours worked and/or volunteered per week) are needed and help to isolate the effects of relationship status on GPA. While the primary concern of this study is to mensurate if romantic relationship status has any effect on the GPA of students in pharmacy school, it may in any case be extended to discover if there is a positive or negative effect on GPA dependent on relationship status. If there is no world-shaking remnant between relationship status and GPA, then maybe info cool on other variables migh t explain a difference.Literature ReviewOur study is conducted to determine how varying levels of involvement in romantic relationships affect the academic GPA of pharmacy students. There have been numerous studies that examined the relationship between dating and the GPA of students. umteen of the studies were conducted using high school and on a lower floorgraduate college students. One study was conducted by Phuong T. Pham (2002) at Loyola University. Effects of Romantic Relationships on Academic Performance in College, examined the relationship between dating and academic performance in college. Pham hypothesized that dating while in an undergraduate program would result in a lower GPA. A survey was conducted at Loyola University and after analyzing the results, it was reason that there was no correlation between academic performance and dating.A similar study was conducted by Matthew E. Kopfler (2003) at Loyola University that looked at the effects of romantic relationships on academic performance of undergraduate students. The speculation of the study was that students involved in romantic relationships would not perform academically as well as those who were not involved in romantic relationships. The study was conducted by surveying 75 Loyola undergraduate college students. After collecting the surveys and analyzing the results, Kopfler concluded that there was no jolt on GPA if a student was involved in a romantic relationship.Factors that Affect Academic Performance Among Pharmacy Students was a study conducted by Sansgiry, Bhosle, and Sail. This study looked at different factors that might have an impact on the GPA of pharmacy students. Sansgiry et al. used a questionnaire to rate factors such as test anxiety, time management, test competence, academic competence, and study techniques and their impact on GPA. This is a very important question to ask since GPA is used as an indicator of academic performance. Most colleges and universities set a minimal GPA that student applicants must meet in order to be considered for admittance into the school. Their study concluded that test competence was an important factor in distinguishing students who will perform well academically from those who will perform poorly. Other factors that include academic competence, test competence, test anxiety, and time management improve as the student advances through the pharmacy curriculum.The 2 studies conducted at Loyola University derived similar conclusions, that is the academic performance of undergraduate college students were not affected by involvement in romantic relationships. Our study advances the focus further by investigating how academic performance, as measured by GPA, is affected by involvement in romantic relationships while enrolled in a graduate college program. The study conducted by Sanger et al. is important because it looked at time management and its effect on the GPA of pharmacy students. It was concluded from this s tudy that time management does not have an impact on GPA. cadence management was defined as clusters of behavioral skill sets that are important in the organization of study/course load. Time management includes planning in advance, prioritizing work, test preparation, and following schedules. In our study, we will correlate time management with respect to relationship status by examining the amount of time spent with a partner compared to studying academic material and evaluate if this impacts the GPA of graduate college students.MethodologyParticipantsSecond-year Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students from Shenandoah University Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy in Winchester, Virginia (VA) conducted a research study to determine if there exists a link between involvement in romantic relationships of pharmacy school students and their academic GPA. GPA will be the dependent variable of this study and thus the focus of the research. The GPA will subsequently be analyzed and compared with involvement in romantic relationships. date in pharmaceutical organizations, volunteer work, and weekly part-time work will also be considered as future research factors that may have an impact on GPA. The data for the project was gathered at the two separate campuses of the Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy. The survey was administered at the main campus in Winchester, VA as well as the satellite campus in Ashburn, VA. A survey was selected to be the method of choice to obtain data because of its relative low cost of manufacturing and ease of administration.SamplingThe commonwealth under consideration in this study includes all traditional PharmD students who are currently enrolled full-time. This does not include fourth-year and non-traditional students on clinical rotations. Our sample population will include all traditional PharmD students at the Winchester and Ashburn campuses of the Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy who agreed to glut-out and complete a survey ques tionnaire within a 10 day period. The researchers agreed that a limit of 10 days is a sufficient length of time to provide for appropriate completion of the survey questionnaires and for adequate charm of responses. The sample will be gathered through a convenience sampling method and will therefore be given to participants present on the day selected by the researchers to administer the survey. Because a control group will not be utilized in this study, convenience sampling is the easiest and most sound method to gather participants. The researchers plan to administer the survey to approximately 355 participants across the two campuses of the Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy.Before data is collected, the researchers will obtain approval for the research study from the Human Subjects Review Board at Shenandoah University. This board is the equivalent of an Institutional Review Board. The confidentiality of participants will be ensured for this study as no indentifying information will be collected.Research DesignData will be collected through the use of a survey questionnaire. The survey consists of eight questions intentional to gather information virtually students GPA and their involvement in romantic relationships. The survey was created by the researchers and was designed to allow for quick and easy completion. The survey was administered to the students at the end of the spring semester by the researchers. Administration of the survey at end of the spring semester was chosen in order to allow for the inclusion of first-year students, who by then already received their fall semester grades, in the study. for to each one one survey questionnaire contains the same questions and can be administered without any prior training of the student participant.Each survey question was designed to be a test head for the research study. The survey is attached as an appendix. The first, second, and fifth questions are used to compass demographic information. Ge nder, age, and year in professional school can all be used as adjuncts in evaluation of the data. The third question is the first critical test item of the study. It inquires into the current relationship and corresponding living status of the survey respondent. This question is intended to be a test item that would group students into categories ranging from least involved to most involved as relating to romantic relationship involvement. Each category was based upon the following answer choices1. Single2. quotidian partner3. Serious partner4. MarriedAn answer of the respondent to this question is the independent variable and therefore the prime factor for comparison against GPA. Using responses to this question, the researchers will place student participants in their designated groups, compute and compare the average GPAs for each group, and evaluate for any variances in GPA amongst groups. The fourth question was used as a tool to gather information about the dependent variable , student GPA. The researchers decided to use five ranges for the GPA. This will allow for easier collection and grouping of data in a manner that will facilitate efficiency of management and analysis. The sixth, seventh, and eighth questions were placed in the survey to gather additional data about the extracurricular activities of student participants. These responses will be collected and appropriately managed. The data will not be analyzed in this study but will be made available for future research studies. The seventh question was based on a Likert Scale and can be used to evaluate whether or not the motivation of a respondent has an effect on their GPA.Data CollectionOur method of collecting data is through a survey. The undefiled sample population will be asked to complete the same survey within a 10-day period. We have increased the reliability of our study in two ways. The first is by asking all of the participants to complete the same survey. This increases the consisten cy of the study. The second is by making the survey questions concise and straightforward so that each can be interpreted and understood the same by all respondents. This is critical because all respondents are asked the same questions, and therefore, it is necessary to achieve similar reading material among respondents. It is important to have reliability because without reliability a study cannot have validity.Reliability is required in order to assess the validity of the measurement instrument. We have establi toss that our study has reliability. We must now determine if it has inhering validity. Internal validity is very important in our study because it shows that our survey correctly assessed the effects of involvement in romantic relationships on the academic GPA of pharmacy students. Our study is based on a two-group after only model, and therefore, many of the threats to internal validity do not apply. The history threat does not apply because we do not ask questions rega rding past events that might have altered the GPA of a pharmacy student. For example, a student may have a lower GPA than normal because a traumatic event happened right in the beginning a big exam. Many of the other threats to internal validity cannot occur in our study because of our study design. Therefore, the internal validity of our study is further substantiated.Only complete survey questionnaires will be included in this study. If all eight survey questions are not answered, that particular survey questionnaire will be thrown out.Data AnalysisThe pooled variance t-Test will be used because of the two populations (single and in a relationship), as well as the comparison between two means (mean GPA of students who are single and mean GPA of students who answered as being in a relationship). Data will be collected using the eight question survey discussed previously and will be coded and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Scientists (SPSS) program. The data w ill be coded corresponding to the answers circled by each participant (for example, if a participant circled the second 1 for the question What is your gender, that would correspond to male and the number 1 would be entered under the gender category for our SPSS data sheet if they circled a 3 for the question What is your current age range, that answer would correspond to 25 29 and a number 3 would be entered under the age category for our data sheet). All of the data will be entered manually by one person and either fifth entry will be checked against that particular survey by a research assistant. Having all data entered into SPSS allows for easy comparison of different factors on GPA, including testing the study hypothesis.The first test performed on the data will be to evaluate the average GPA for respondents of all romantic relationship status groups except the single group. This average GPA will then be compared to the average GPA of those students who fall into the single group. The mean grade of GPA for all students who completed a survey questionnaire will also be computed. An alpha level of 0.05 will be set. Our objective is to discover any significant variances in GPA of those who are in romantic relationships versus those who are single. If our P value is less than 0.05 (our alpha value) then there is a significant difference in the mean GPA values for those who are in romantic relationships versus those who are single. In this case, we will reject our null hypothesis involvement in a romantic relationship will have an effect on academic GPA. Accordingly, we will examine significant differences in GPA to see whether there exists a positive or negative correlation to involvement in romantic relationships as opposed to being single. We will also break good deal the relationship categories to compare and determine if there are any significant differences between the average GPA of each group. For example, analysis will be performed to see if ther e is a significant difference in GPA between students in serious partner relationships versus those in married relationships.DiscussionThe null hypothesis of the study states that there is no effect regarding involvement of romantic relationship on GPA. If the resulting P value is greater than or equal to our alpha value of 0.05, we would fail to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, the projected outcome of the study is that there is no effect on involvement in a romantic relationship and GPA. However, if the resulted P value is less than our alpha value of 0.05, then we would reject the null hypothesis. In the latter case, the result would be that there is an effect regarding involvement of romantic relationship on GPA.The main reason for this study is to see if being in a relationship has an effect on GPA for graduate students. As noted earlier, no study has been done on graduate students in terms of relationships and GPA. While a few studies have been done in the past on relati onship status and GPA, the studies were conducted on adolescent (high school age) students. It was agreed by all of the researches of this graduate student study that there is quite a a big difference between the types of relationships in high school versus graduate school, as well as the courses, course load, and expectations of each student. Quite frankly, there really is no comparison between the two (high school versus graduate school). While this particular study was done on pharmacy school students, the acquire same study can be done to any graduate school program, not just pharmacy. The eight questions in the survey are not specific to pharmacy or any other program and, although we are only concerned with relationship status (our independent variable) and GPA (our dependent variable), we also asked a series of other independent variable questions. Further tests and comparisons can be made with the other independent variables collected on the survey questionnaire. This is c uriously helpful if there is no correlation or significant difference between GPA and relationship status. The other independent variables might be able to explain some of the differences between GPA other than relationship status (for instance, if a student works or volunteers regardless of relationship status perhaps some work has no effect but working full time while in graduate school has an effect on GPA). How many of the additional questions to use in the analysis of the GPA versus relationship status is up to the evaluators of this study.LimitationsResults from this study should be interpreted with several limitations in mind. First, the study is limited in sample size because only the first through third year students at one pharmacy school were used as subjects for the survey. This diminished population would inhibit and prevent the generalization of results and purposes from the study to other schools of pharmacy. A second limitation of the study is the narrow focus on pharmacy students. This restricts generalizations of study findings and results to other graduate and professional programs (e.g. medicine, law), undergraduate curriculums, and vocational programs.Another study limitation is the use of different levels of pharmacy students first-year, second-year, and third-year students. This limitation may skew results due to the differences in the degree of difficulty between the distinct years of professional pharmacy study, and this can have an impact on GPA. Generally, the first year curriculum is less difficult and demanding than the second year curriculum, and the second year curriculum is less difficult and demanding than the third year curriculum. Moreover, the difference in the cumulative amount of classes students have completed between their first, second, and third years in pharmacy school can also impact their overall academic GPA. The results of just one semester of completed classes can be skewed and are more volatile to GPA shifts in the next semester than a student who has completed collar years of classes. Furthermore, there may be other factors influencing GPA for first year students that the survey does not account for. This study limitation may deduction external factors such as moving to a new city and or state, starting at a new school, making new friends, finding suitable housing, and even living away from their family for the first time.The study does not take into consideration if a person was in a relationship at some point during graduate school and now is not, and vice-versa. The survey questionnaire only seeks information regarding current romantic relationship status. It can be assumed for those who selected married that they have either been married for the duration of graduate school or were in another of the relationship categories and then got married. This aspect points out that people do not get married without first being casual and/or serious partners. For those in a casual partner r elationship, one may rarity how long they have been in the relationship. For some third year students, perhaps they have finally taken on relationships because they feel comfortable with their GPA and school to take on more responsibility. For a first year student, classes and program demands are perhaps still not difficult. This suggests they still can have a romantic relationship without significant effects on GPA.Although the survey questionnaire is completely confidential, some students might find a need to over-inflate their GPA. Instead of asking for them to fill in their actual GPA, ranges were provided in the hopes of keeping over-inflation of GPA to a minimum. However, over reporting of GPA can still exist.ConclusionsIt is the hope of the evaluators that this study will shed some light on trends in GPA and what exactly affects it in order to help and inform incoming graduate students. With this information and correlations (or no correlation), graduate students will be abl e to make educated choices in terms of relationships and possibly other aspects outside of the classroom as well (for instance, how much time to work without having an effect on GPA). The results of this study should answer some of the myths of graduate school and having a life at the same time.

Respiratory System Procedures

Respiratory System ProceduresCarol Bailey, MSN, RNIntroduction Task Process Evaluation Conclusion attributeIntroductionYou are a harbour working in a PCU. Your clinical unit specializes in the deal of uncomplainings who are undergoing treatment for pulmonary disease. You very much provide care and diligent teaching for unhurrieds having tests and procedures for pulmonary conditions.Your assignment today includes providing care and education support for 2 long-sufferings.You have a student nurse observing in your unit today. As you teach, please be sure to include rationales and answer the students questions.The Task forbearing 1Mr. capital of Minnesota Monary, a 58 year old farmer, was admitted to your unit with complaint of progressive hoarseness, difficulty in swallowing, and loss of appetite over the past 3 months.The medical exam plan of care involves chemotherapy and radiation therapy. He will need a tracheostomy prior to beginning therapies.Objective dataHe smok es 1 bundle up of cigarettes per day.His weight has decreased from 200 pounds to 180 pounds over the past 3 months.The results of a CT scan and MRI reveal that this patient has throat cancer. inbred dataThe doctor said I would have a tracheostomy, but I usurpt really know what that means for me. I dont know how I am going to manage my farm if I have to have surgery.The nursing diagnosis you must address is association deficit related to lack of information regarding care of a tracheostomy as evidenced by patients verbal response. patient of 2Ms. Flora Vack, a 25 year old female, is a bull rider in the Riding Stars Rodeo that is currently performing at the Civic Center. She was impel from a bull in last nights performance and received repeated kicks to her left posterior government agency. She was seen in the emergency room and admitted for line up care.Her bosom X-ray reveals a large pleura effusion on the left. You are assigned to prepare the patient for a thoracentesis.Outc ome You assist with the thoracentesis. 1,500 ml of pink tinged pleural fluid is removed. The patient experiences a pneumothorax following the procedure and a chest electron tube is inserted and connected to an atrium ocean chest tube drain.You are assigned to prepare the patient for chest tube creation and to manage the chest tubes after the procedure.The ProcessTo accomplish the task, you will review information from the connect provided for each patient to fill in the birth control pillle below.Patient 1 Linkshttp//www.youtube.com/ put on?v=DoSTehS7iq8http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lo74zm3ULykTracheostomy regular manual of arms approachhttp//www.youtube.com/watch?v=6TVOSb6sqL8feature=relatedTracheostomy percutaneous insertionhttp//www.youtube.com/watch?v=SloXwGG2n-QTracheostomy percutaneous view from inside the tracheahttp//www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhasybkUrzkfeature=relatedLaryngoscopy (this mavin was just cool)http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYpDwhpILkQfeature=relatedeffects of locoweedhttp//www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/health_effects/effects_cig_ skunk/ effects all organs of the corpsehttp//www.tobaccofreekids.org/research/factsheets/pdf/0264.pdfimmediate effectshttp//www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Smoking_effects_on_your_bodyhttp//www.quitsmoking.com/content/how-smoking-affects-your-bodytrach carehttp//www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wimw7bz0fLofeature=relatedsuctioning trachhttp//www.youtube.com/watch?v=UVuPzhOWxRsfeature=relatedcleaning intercannula and trach dresshttp//www.youtube.com/watch?v=ivUKHnnTKb4feature=relatedfenestrated trach tubehttp//www.youtube.com/watch?v=RzYPp5h_vx8feature=relatedpassey-muir speaking valvehttp//www.hopkinsmedicine.org/tracheostomy/living/passey-muir_valve.htmlhttp//www.passy-muir.com/video_pageBottom of FormClick on Videos at the top of the stand page.CEUs Videos News and Events FAQs Contact Us InternationalThen under Passy-Muir Animations There is a play list with 6 vi deos. View all videos except for the one on mechanical ventilation.Patient 2 Linksthoracentesis demo on real patienthttp//www.youtube.com/watch?v=noDxydboLrAfeature=relatedchest tube insertionhttp//www.youtube.com/watch?v=424M8L5Z_EQhttp//www.youtube.com/watch?v=A_0K8o98SPwhttp//www.atriummed.com/EN/chest_ drainage/education.aspReview Managing chest drainage ppt presentation for nursing educators (note this ppt includes nursing sound judgment)Under the Product support tab Along the left column under Traditional flowage click on Ocean Under education resources click on Set up and Operation video. Next click on Oasis, then pneumostat section. The videos on ocean, oasis, and pneumostat are interesting and helpful to understand the dish and sagacity of a chest tube drainage systemhttp//www.atriumu.com/ Click on the Learning tabChest drainage 101 chapter 1 4 and Managing chest drainage incision 1-6 are excellent resources of education developed by Atrium a common brand of chest drainage systemaking chest tube out / closing with a suturehttp//www.youtube.com/watch?v=4GTecWv5h6cfeature=relatedNursing Assessment of the patient with a chest tube.Patient 1 Mr. capital of Minnesota MonaryNANDA Knowledge deficit r/t lack of information regarding care of a tracheostomy AEB by patients verbal response.Client outcomes Patient willDescribe what a tracheostomy is and why it is neededDescribe the excogitation of suctioningDemonstrate c breeding of the innercannula and trach dressingIdentify the effects on cigarette smoking on his current state of healthList safety precautions in the use of the Passey-Muir valveNote Respond to the patients questions using terminology the patient can understand. Respond to the pupil nurses questions using professional terminology.Patient teaching justify to this patient what a tracheostomy is and why it is necessary for him while having radiation therapyPatient teaching explain to this patient the purpose of suctioning the trach and how it is accomplished. (explain the in-hospital sterile procedure in your own works as if you were telling the patient all the steps you are taking and why)Patient teaching explain to this patient how the nurse will clean the innercannula and why it is done (in-hospital sterile procedure)Patient teaching explain to this patient, the effect of smoking on the lungs and on oxygenationPatient teaching explain to this patient, the effect of smoking on the body.Patient teaching explain to this patient how the passey-muir valve works and list safety precautions respond the student nurses questions how does the percutaneous insertion of the trach differ from the regular manual insertion? state the student nurses questions How is a fenestrated trach tube different from a regular tube? Is there whatever potential complications with the fenestrated tube?List 3 additional Nursing Diagnosis (in 3 pop format) appropriate for Mr. Monary1. 2.3.Note must list actual nursing diagnosis in 3 part format not at risk forPatient 2Ms. Flora VackRespond to the patients questions (using terminology the patient can understand)Respond to the Student nurses questions (using professional terminology.Patient question What is a thoracentesis?A thoracentesis is when a needle is inserted through your chest wall and then into the pleural dummy (Lewis, 2014). The pleural space is the thin, but large lining of tissue that surrounds your lungs and lines your chest cavity (Lewis, 2014). We do this to take samples to perform some diagnostic testing, remove profusion fluid or air and give medications directly to the pleural space (Lewis, 2014). In your situation we are using a thoracentesis to drain the fluid buildup from your lungs by inserting the large needle and letting it drain out (Thoracentesis to remove 1200cc of pleural Fluid at Harborview).Answering the student nurses questions How do you ready the patient for a thoracentesis?What do I do to assist the doctor during this procedure ?You need to position the patient with their elbows on over the bedside adjustable table, sit in the upright position (Thoracentesis to remove 1200cc of Pleural Fluid at Harborview). Their feet should be supported and you can place a pillow across their paunch for additional support (Thoracentesis to remove 1200cc of Pleural Fluid at Harborview).During a thoracentesis the nurse will assist the doctor by supporting the patient throughout the procedure and answering any questions she may have (Thoracentesis to remove 1200cc of Pleural Fluid at Harborview). Throughout the procedure you will need to ask assessment questions to determine how the patient is tolerating the procedure and to facilitate any alterations in body position, such as resting their head during the procedure if they feel light headed (Thoracentesis to remove 1200cc of Pleural Fluid at Harborview). You will also monitor vital signs throughout the procedure (Lewis, 2014). Also, make sure you ensure the patient is pr operly oxygenated by administering any supplemental oxygen that may be necessary (Lewis, 2014). After the procedure you will need to make sure you apply a sterile dressing to the puncture site (Lewis, 2014)Patient question What is the purpose of a chest tube and drainage system?The purpose of a chest tube and drainage system is to drain the air or gas that has built up in the area around your lungs due to your pneumothorax (Chest thermionic vacuum tube Insertion part 1/2). The space around your lungs is known as the pleural space (Chest Tube Insertion part 1/2). This is the lining of tissue that surrounds your lungs and lines your chest cavity (Chest Tube Insertion part 1/2). This reestablishes negative pressure in your lungs which allows your lungs to expand properly (Lewis, 2014).Answering the student nurses questions What is the underwater seal of a chest drainage system and how does it work?The underwater seal of a chest drainage system is what allows the air or fluid to leave the pleural space but also prevents the backflow of air or fluid back into the pleural cavity (Chest Tube Insertion part 2/2). The behavior the underwater seal works is that is contains about 2 cm of water and when the air or gas enters up, or bubbles, through the water it acts as a one way valve (Lewis, 2014).Answering the student nurses questions When do I expect to see bubbles in the underwater seal section of the chest tube drainage system? (what circumstances will cause bubbling in this chamber)Answering the student nurses questions The atrium pleura drain uses the same concepts at the 3 bottle system of chest tube bottles. What is the main function of each of the bottles?Bottle 1 =Bottle 2 =Bottle 3 =Answering the student nurses questions What should I include in the assessment and care of a patient who has a chest tube? (include assessment of the patient as well as the drainage system)Answering the student nurses questions Describe to the student nurse how the chest tube wil l be removed, how the nurse will assist, and observation and care of the site.EvaluationYour grade for this exercise will be 2% of your grade for this course. Grading will use the burnish below. Maximum points = 36. This webquest is due to be submitted by 100 PM, October 17, 2014.Learning ObjectivesBeginning1 pointDeveloping2 pointsAccomplished3 pointsScoreDescribes the purpose of a tracheostomy including the difference in the midst of a regular tube and a fenestrated tubeResponse reflects restrain companionship of this objectiveLimited reportEffectively explains the purpose of a tracheostomy and the fenestrated tubeExplains the purpose and steps of trach suctioning and cleaning of the inner cannulaResponse reflects limited friendship of this objectiveLimited expositionEffectively explains trach suctioning and cleaning of the inner cannula using terms appropriate for patient educationIdentifies the effects of smoking on the respiratory systemResponse reflects limited knowledg e of this objectiveIdentifies only 3 smoking risks on the respiratory system (lungs)Explains effectively to the patient the effect smoking has on their lungs.Identifies the effects of smoking on the bodyResponse reflects limited knowledge of this objectiveIdentifies only 3 smoking risks to the bodyExplains effectively to the patient the effect smoking has on their body.Explains the purpose of the passey-muir valve and how it works.Response reflects limited knowledge of this objectiveLimited explanationEffectively explains purpose of a passey-muir valve and how it works using terms appropriate for patient educationIdentifies safety precautions for use of a passey-muir valve.Response reflects limited knowledge of this objectiveIdentifies only 3 safety precautionsExplains safety precautions effectively to the patient.Critiques the difference between the surgical insertion and the percutaneous insertion of the tracheostomy tubeResponse reflects limited knowledge of this objectiveLimited explanationClearly critiques the difference in the 2 insertion techniques for tracheostomy insertion.Identifies 3 actual nursing diagnosis using the 3 part format (diagnosis / related to / AEB)Response reflects limited knowledge of this objectiveNursing diagnoses do not include pertinent diagnoses or format is not followedIdentifies 3 actual nursing diagnosis pertinent to this patient in proper formatDescribes the procedure, performing a thoracentesisResponse reflects limited knowledge of this objectiveLimitedExplains the procedure effectively including patient positioningRecognizes rule versus abnormal function of the chest tube systemResponse reflects limited knowledge of this objectiveLimited explanationRecognizes which chambers bubbling may amount and what that meansDescribes the function of the 3 bottle chest tube systemResponse reflects limited knowledge of this objectiveLimited explanationFully explains the function of each of the 3 bottlesDemonstrates knowledge in the car e of the patient with a chest tube drain and chest tube removal.Response reflects limited knowledge of this objectiveLimited explanationExplains effectively to the student nurse, how to care for a chest tube drain, including assessment of the patientConclusionThis WebQuest will support learning and application of materials covered in Lewis, Chapters 26, 27, and 28. I hope you found the exercise to be a fun, interesting way to learn.In addition to Web links, you may use your NANDA and Lewis books as needed to support your answers.You must cite references for your answers using APA format. Credits ReferencesAckley, B. J. Ladwig, G. B. (2008). Nursing diagnosis handbook A guide to planning care (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO Mosby-ElsevierAtrium Chest Drainage Education. www.atriummed.com/Products/Chest_Drains/education.aspChest Tube Insertion part 1/2. (2012, July 13). Retrieved March 11, 2015, from https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=424M8L5Z_EQChest Tube Insertion part 2/2. (2012, July 13). Retrieved March 11, 2015, from https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=424M8L5Z_EQLewis, S.M., Heitkemper, M.M., Dirksen, S.R., OBrien, P.G., Giddens, J.F, Bucher, L. (2007). Medical-surgical nursing Assessment and management of clinical problems (8th ed.). St.Louis Mosby-Elsevier.Lewis, S. M., Dirksen, S. R. (2014). Medical-surgical nursing assessment and management of clinical problems (Ninth ed.). St. Louis Elsevier.Ocean Drain Education Video. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2015, from http//www.atriummed.com/EN/chest_drainage/edu-files/ocean-video1.aspThoracentesis to remove 1200cc of Pleural Fluid at Harborview. (2007, November 2). Retrieved March 11, 2015, from https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=noDxydboLrAfeature=relatedBased on a pathfinder from The WebQuest Page

Physician Reluctance to Engage in Health System Program

Physician Reluctance to Eng shape up in health System ProgramThe Factors Effecting the involuntariness of Physicians to participate in the Family Physical Program in capital of Irans Province Health SystemAbstractpresentation The present domain is an set ab proscribed to survey the reasons for the medicos reluctance to take part in the family physical program in the Tehran Province easyness placement.Methods Considering this purpose, the study is an applied add carried pop through a correlative method in Tehrans Province Health System in 2012.(IRAN) The study population was comprised of either the physicians in the Tehran Province health system. Participants were selected through census. A questionnaire was employ for data gathering and the data were analyzed using SPSS16.Results The mean point of economic stage,work conditions, health, welf atomic number 18, structural-organizational, and social-cultural problems in the health centers under study were less than midp oint. Additionally, a statistically significant relationship was found between these problems and the tendency of physicians to take part in the family physician program (P closing The results indicated a significant relationship between the problems of physicians and their tendency to take part in the family physician program in Tehran. assumption the necessity of creating motivation among physicians to take part in the program effectively and willfully, solving the physicians problems appears to be effective in motivating the physicians in this regard.Keywords Family Physician, Referral System, Problems of Family Physicians, Health Centers introHealth is one of the principal rights and a valuable capital at every social level 1. Along the main objective of the national health system, which is to improve public health where the healthy citizens have capability to take part in economic and social activities 2, there are other tasks to be fulfilled by the health system. These tasks include raising hope for a healthy life, responding to reasonable expectations of the public, reducing social gaps (social justice) and providing financial coverage for medical operate 1. It is essential, therefore, to design and adopt a proper model for health go to realize health objectives, maintain/improve health, and improve equal access to health services.In this regard, many have dungeoned the idea of a health system in which all citizens regardless of their life sentence condition and place (even those living in remote areas) have access to adequate specialized health services. Such services are provided by the facilities where experts are trained based on the available resources in the slightest feasible time and for reasonable costs as necessary by cultural and time constrains 3.In fact, family physician programs and referral systems are in line with the realization of a primary care health system that actualizes considerable potential resources towards the improveme nt of the health conditions of the society 4.The family physician program is a comprehensive health system and among the main achievements of this program are helping people to refer to the right specializer and an increase in the public merriment of health services 2. Additionally, the American Physician Academy believes that the family physician system is the best and most effective way to provide health services for patients 3.In spite of this, the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in cooperation with the Ministry of Welfare and Social Security, Ministry of Health, Treatment, medical exam Education, and Health Service Insurance Org. triggered a artless health restitution programs through a referral system based on a family physician program in 2005. This program, considered as one of the main elements of health system development, was aimed to detonate the health insurance coverage and to promote equal access to health diagnostic services 5.In addition to supplyin g health services required by the public, the family physician program prevents negligence of patients right or any abuse of peoples assume to health services 1.Given that the family physician program is a nationwide program and all insurance organizations participate in this program, it is essential to survey the performance of the program regarding implementation, quality, and quantity of the services provided to ensure patients. By this survey, the weakness and advantages of the program can be highlighted. Consequently, the family physician program may lead to immense changes in treatment behavior models as well as changes in consumption patterns in this field 6.Santos and Amado believe that the knowledge of a family physician to provide primary care services leads to a semipermanent relation between the family and the physician which is an advantage of the family physician program 7.In addition, ranking the health services by the referral system gives the people in need access to more specialized services based on their true needs 8.At first, the referral visits the family physician and, if needed, the physician recommends them to a special practitioner. The special practitioner, then, checks the patients, carries out the required measures, records the measures in the patients file, and returns the patients to the family physician 9.Although, the family physician program is initially aimed to improve public access to health care systems and cuts the unnecessary medical costs, there are evidences that the program is not free of weaknesses 10.In his study titled challenges of family physicians in the world of the 1980s Donald Rice (1980), studied the status of family physicians and challenges ahead of them in various countries and highlighted some main challenges including financial support for the graduates, salary of the physicians and the staff from community sources, and so on.After the implementation of health networks, family physicians are the next biggest reform in health systems, which promises to solve many of the problems of the health system. It is reasonable to expect a variety of economic, social, and cultural problems ahead of the program and failures to overcome. These problems threaten first level of services and the unfortunates health. Above all, solving a problem needs developing an accurate insight to the problem. Analyzing the causes and the factors effective on high turnovers of family physicians is the first smell to reach a right policy to improve health services nationwide.MethodsThe study is a descriptive analytical work carried out on the Tehran Province health system in 2012. Given incongruity of the districts under study and sensitivity of the issue, a census was taken in the system and all 100 physicians in the system agreed to participate. No sampling was done in this study and all the study population took part in the survey.Questionnaires were used for gathering the data. These questionnaires were divided into two sections. The first section included the demographic information of those who had took part in the survey. The second section included the questions which showed the unwillingness of the physicians towards the family physician program. The results of these questionnaires were classified into five main axes 1- economic variables (questions 1-6) 2- work conditions, health, eudaemonia, and educational variables (questions 7-12) 3- systematic-organizational variables (questions 13-18) 4- organizational-administrative variables (questions 19-24) and 5- social and cultural variables (questions 25-30). The questionnaire was designed based on Likerts five-point scale.The validity of the questionnaires was approved by ten experts. in like manner, the stability was gained by the Cronbachs alpha coefficient test. The gleaned data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS. Among descriptive statistics frequency, frequency rate, mean, and standard devi ation were used. Also in order to survey the independence/dependence of the variables, Chi Square was used as inferential statistics.ResultsFemale and male participants constituted 65% and 35% of the sample group respectively. In addition, 24% of the participants were unmarried and 76% were married. Regarding employment status, 68% had lifetime employment and 32% were employed in the program for a specific time.The average age of the participants was 34 and the youngest and oldest participants were 25 and 54 old age old respectively. Moreover, 23% of the participants were at the age range of 25-35, 58% were at the age range of 35-45 and 19% were at the age range of 45-55. Work records also showed that the lowest work experience was 1 year and the highest work experience was 29 years. On average, the participants had 10 years of work experience 30% less than 19 years, 50% between 10 to 20 years, and 20% between 20 to 30 years.Table 1. distribution and frequency rate of the responseM ean point economic, work conditions, health, welfare, structural-organizational, and social-cultural problems effective on the willingness of the physicians to take part in the family physician program were below the midpoint (Table 2).Table 2. Family physician problemThere was a significant nix relationship among economic, welfare, and social-cultural problems. On the other circulate, there was a positive and significant relationship between work conditions, health, and structural-organization problems (Table 3).Table 3. correlation among problems of family physicians to take part in the programDiscussionThe family physician program has aimed to totally implement a referral system in the heath and treatment sector. Among the main advantages of the program are preventing physicians confusion and, more importantly, to improve public satisfaction from health services. This research also minimizes the waste of resources and leads to great economic savings. The early years of impleme nting the program have been featured with an increase of availability index in unlike aspects of the family physician program (human resources and preclinical services). Still, the ahead challenges are not deniable.The findings showed that there was a significant relationship between economic, work conditions, health, welfare, structural-organizational, and social-cultural problems on one hand and the physicians willingness to participate in the family physician program on the other. This is consistent with Hosseing Fahrejis study 11 on the family physician program in the Imam Khomeini Charity Committee. A study by Masoodi Asl 12 on the assessment of the satisfaction of the service takers under the Imam Khomeini Charity Committee program showed that 31.25% were satisfied with the program, 51.5% were comparatively satisfied, and 10% were relatively dissatisfied which is inconsistent with the present study.Motlagh (2009) in a study titled physicians satisfaction on the factors effecti ve on creating dynamism in the family physician program and rural medical insurance indicates that minimum satisfaction level in the medical education universities is with financial problems 13.Taking into account the findings of the study and significant effect of welfare and financial problems on the physicians tendency to take part in the program, one may conclude that poor welfare facilities and accommodations for the physicians in the health and treatment network leads to high turnover rates among the physicians. The majority of the physicians only take part in the program for short and temporary terms and to only spend their obligatory service terms. Dieleman et al. also mentioned low salaries and hard work conditions as the reasons for lack of motivation in the health and treatment system 14.Given that a successful implementation of the family physician program needs public participation and cooperation for different sections, cultural works on all the effective actors is ess ential. Failure to successfully implement referral to a specialist practitioner plan, poor follow up by the family physicians, and poor public support for the program are the signs of low public participation rates in the program. The reasons of poor cooperation are lack of cultural and public informing measures regarding family physician programs and negative attitudes and distrust in family physicians. Nasrollahpour et al. highlighted resistance among family physicians and specialist practitioners against the family physician program 15.Professional satisfaction of the family physicians is a key factor in the health system. In addition, professed(prenominal) satisfaction might be related to the quality and effectiveness of the health services provided 16. On the other hand, probability of attracting new work forces decreases with an increase of lord dissatisfaction among family physicians and replacement applications by the physicians. Payment terms and work conditions are key f actors in attracting and keeping skillful physicians 17. In regards to the causes of dissatisfaction among the family physicians are high workloads, being prompt doing supportive works in health centers, lack of welfare, negligence of specific needs of different regions, and lack of proper cultural preparation (the public and specialist physicians are not properly trained).Ebadifardazar et al. 18 found that issues like low salaries, delay in payments, remote work place, long working hours, and no promising futurity for this national program are the causes of dissatisfaction of family physicians that increases turnover rates. Understaffed work force and high rates of turnover or replacement during the first 5 years of family physician program indicate problems of attracting and keeping general practitioners in the program. Also decreasing the number of service takers assigned to each practitioner, proving decent work conditions, providing welfare facilities to attract physicians an d keeping the balance between demand and supply, clarifying health service packs, and providing required equipment and support are the effective factors in attracting and keeping the physicians 19.ConclusionIn conclusion, the results showed that there was a significant relationship between the problems experienced by physicians and their willingness to participate in the family physician program in the health centers set in Tehran. In spite of the fact that satisfactory implementation of the program is the intention of the policy makers, solving the problems participating physicians face and increasing their willingness to participate appears to be an effective approach to improve the outcomes of the program.ReferencesJamshid Beigi M, Mardfar N. Executive performance of family physician program and rural insurance. Tehran Arvij 2007. Persian.Ghoharinejh ad S. Health system decentralization on Iran University of Medical Science. Proceeding of 5th National Congress of Healthcare Admi nistration Student, 2007 May 9-12, Iran, Tabriz P.32. Persian.Rasoulid Nejad S. A survey of referral system in health care service system and ways to improve Isfahan Health system. Ph.D. Dissertation. Tehran Islamic Azad University, Research and Science Branch 1996.Family physicians and referral system in Islamic Republic of Iran, Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education, Health Department, Summer, 2006. Persian.Ministry of health and medical education. Illustration of health team and family physician services. First ed. Tehran Arvij Publishers 2006. Persian.Khayyati F, Motlagh ME, Kabir MJ, Kazemeini H. The role of family physician in case finding, referral, and insurance coverage in the rural areas. Iranian journal of public health. 2011 40(3) 136.Amado CA, Santos SP. Challenges for performance assessment and improvement in primary health care the case of the Portuguese health centers. Health Policy. 200991(1)43-56.Davoudi S. Introduction to health sector reform. 1st e d. Tehran Asar-e-Mouaser 2006. Persian.Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Family physician instructions, 2010. Persian.Kersnik J. An evaluation of patient satisfaction with family practice care in Slovenia. Int J Qual Health Care. 200012(2)143-7.Hosseini Fahreji H. Assessment of family physician performance in Yazd Imam Khomeini Charity Committee M.A. Thesis. Tehran Iran University of Medical Sciences 2004. Persian.Masoudi Asl I. A survey of family physician program from the physicians viewpoint in Yasouj Imam Khomeini Charity Committee. M.A. Thesis. Tehran Islamic Azad University 2002. Persian.Motlagh MI, Pourshirvani N. Doctors consent of dynamic factors affecting the insurance plan and rural family physicians in Gilan University of Medical Sciences. Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. 20041955-48. Persian.Dieleman M, Cuong PV, Anh LV, Martineau T. Identifying factors for job motivation of rural health workers in North Viet Nam. Hum Resour Health. 20031(1)10.N asrollahpour Shirvani D, Ashrafian Amiri H, Motlagh ME, Kabir MJ, Maleki MR, Shabestani Monfared A, et al. Evaluation of the function of referral system in family physician program in northerly provinces of Iran 2008. J Babol Univ Med Sci. 201011(6)46-52.Landeck M, Garza C. Utilization of physician health care services in Mexico by US Hispanic border residents. Health marketing quarterly. 200320(1)3-16.Abma J C, Chandra A, Mosher WD, Peterson LS, Piccinino LJ. Fertility, family planning, and womens health new data from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. Vital and health statistics. Series 23, Data from the National Survey of Family Growth. 1997(19)1-14.Mahmoodi A, Kohan M, Azar FE, Solhi M, Rahimi E. The impact of education using Health touch Model on awareness and attitude of male teachers regarding their participation in family planning. Journal of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences.20119(3)21-8. Persian.Cates W, Karim QA, El-Sadr WM, Haffner DW, Kalema-Zikusoka G, Rog o K, Averill EMD. Family planning and the millennium development goals. Science. 2014329(5999)1603.

The Safety and Long-term Effectiveness of the Atkins Diet :: Health Nutrition Diet Exercise Essays

Low-carbohydrate victualss, such as the Atkins diet, may not be the best choice for weight loss due to long-term ineffectiveness, potentially proscribe side effects and a lack of long-term research. Ever since the recent popularization of the Atkins diet researchers have been trying to prove Dr. Atkins claims and determine whether or not the diet is safe. The current body of research available on dieting supports a diet low in fat and high in complex carbohydrates with an emphasis on calorie reduction. Studies have also shown a strong link between diets high in fat and both increase cholesterol and increased risk of heart disease. The Atkins diet is the opposite of what has generally been recommended it requires the reduction of carbohydrates to 5% or less of total calories leaving fat and protein to fill up the rest. The high fat and low-carbohydrate content of this diet goes against most diet research, has potentially harmful side effects and there is insufficient evi dence to pass judgment the long-term effectiveness of the Atkins diet. The long-term effectiveness can be determined by the ability of dieters to lose and maintain weight loss with few negative side effects. Weight maintenance is as important as weight loss to long-term health. One nutritionist said, the American public needs to be told that diets are not followed for 8 days, 8 weeks, or 8 months, but rather form the basis of everyday food choices throughout their life (Blackthorn). The Atkins diet may act more as a quick fix without really offering a long-term solution. Preliminary studies show that the Atkins diet is unable to maintain weight loss. While low-carbohydrate diets do initially cause weight loss, most dieters begin to regain weight after six months. One analyse showed that, after 12 months, dieters following the Atkins diet had regained over 30% of weight that they had lost in the first six months on the diet, dropping from 7% accumulative body weig ht loss at six months to 4.4% cumulative body weight loss at 12 months. This weight gain may in part be due to the difficulty dieters have in following the dietary recommendations, but if the Atkins diet cannot help dieters keep the weight off than it is no better than any other diet we have and the side effects may be worse.

A Walk In The Woods: Chapter 9 :: essays research papers

Bill Bryson the author of the brief story A Walk in the wood constructs the story in a certain way to try to get the reader to accept his attitudes and values ab let out how dangerous and death defying Earl V. Shaffer and others are in attempting to travel the trail. He uses the techniques of emotive language, unusual language and use of first hand accounts in the short story A Walk in the Woods . The use of descriptive and humorous language, combined with conversational text has allowed Bryson to express his feelings and opinions on his and others experiences on the Appalachian Trail to the audience. The language that the author uses in the short story is very emotive and expressed the feeling which have been felt by others on the trail. The author uses emotive language throughout the story to locate us to feel amazed and astonished toward Earl V. Shaffers 2000 mile journey on the trail. He spent long periods bushwhacking over tangled mountains or following the wrong path when t he trail forked., this text shows that Shaffer was a tough and sturdy and wouldnt give up for any reason. On the other hand, scour the dustiest little hamlets nearly always have a store of caf, unlike now, and generally when he left the trail he could count on a country bus to flag down for a lift to the nearest town. The reader is also told that he might have been helped along the way, so suspicion arises. ...Reduced to a rutted, muddy track shows that the trail conditions at times were anything but perfect. Rutted and muddy describe the Appalachian Trail as an close tough and hardy trail to trek across. The trail Shaffer found was nothing like the groomed and orderly corridor that exists today shows how the Appalachian trail appears to Bryson and portrays to the audience a trail affected by modern societies requirement of health and neatness. orderly and groomed are used to portray an image of a beautiful trail that is set out neatly, far from what Shaffer would have experience d on his travel along the trying trail. The attempts of Bryson to explain the conditions fought by Shaffer on his trip were well complimented by descriptive and instructive sentences.Bryson uses the very distinct humorous and silly style of writing which entertains the audience very well.