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Global Resource And Food Scarcity - 1577 Words

This article will highlight the existing and future food security and environmental challenges facing the globe, including the unprecedented migration of rural to urban and the implications for food systems and the environment. What does this mean for Australian rural communities who deliver sustainable food production and environmental protection? Focusing on the Liverpool Plains in New South Wales as a case study, this article demonstrates the challenges in making agri-environmental outcomes visible using the collective value of on-farm natural resource management and agricultural production as an example compared to the investments in mining developments, such as the Watermark Shenhua project. To date these significant financial contributions of farmers have not been considered. This article emphasizes the need for law and policy reform to protect agri-environmental landscapes (and their communities) from inappropriate land uses. Global resource and food scarcity As each day passes over 200,000 people are born into to an already stressed planet. Based on this global trend humanity requires a doubling of the current food production by 2050 to ensure we can feed the expected 9 billion people. Is this possible in a world where there is now critical global natural resource scarcity, in particular water? Forty percent of the global grain yields have reached a photosynthetic ‘glass ceiling’, water resources in particular ground water are plummeting as are forests, soilsShow MoreRelatedWater Scarcity Is a Real Problem in Todays World Essay607 Words   |  3 Pagesresearching my topic of global water scarcity, water contamination, and food resources, I have had many questions I wanted the answers too. When thinking of water scarcity, I really didn’t think it was that big of a problem for the world as a whole. I will say that I was completely wrong for thinking that. I would hear about it on radio stations and television channe ls but at the rate it was being brought up, I really didn’t think anything of it. After researching this global issue, my thoughts wereRead MoreThe Problem Of Water Scarcity1086 Words   |  5 PagesComposer’s Statement How bad is it? How is it linked to global crises and conflict? This topic is special for my readers of my website because it is a social issue that affects each country in the world. I know that they would want to know the causes of water scarcity and solutions to make a difference in preventing. I chose this genre piece because I have grown up in Tanzania, where a small part of the country has water scarcity. Furthermore, Jamaica, Qatar and Ethiopia are some of the countriesRead MoreWater Is The Most Precious Resource This Planet Has To1292 Words   |  6 PagesWater is the most precious resource this planet has to offer. A one of a kind substance, water is a resource that sustains all life on this planet. Yet, humanity supports an industry that uses water inefficiently and irresponsibly, one that takes more 42% humanity’s accessible fresh water and wastes it. Unless we take the proper initiative, our world’s water supplies will slowly deplete, leaving earth in an e ternal drought, which could potentially cause an end to the human race. Agriculture is anRead MoreEnvironmental Scarcity And Food Insecurity786 Words   |  4 PagesA. According to the FAO estimation, there are 840 million undernourished people in the world, and 95% of them are from developing countries. B. Environmental scarcity and food insecurity are critical factors that intensify the issue of malnutrition among people in most developing countries. C. d. Evidence health issue: - protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) refers to a form of malnutrition where there is lack of calories and protein intake. There are two kinds of PEM: the nutritional edema andRead MoreHow Has Globalization Impacted Water Scarcity?1257 Words   |  6 PagesUnderstanding Globalization (GSSC 1083) Research Paper How has globalization impacted water scarcity? Name: Yash Patel Professor’s name: Jamie Zarowitz Date: 8th November Can you imagine living in a world where the most abundant and needed resource water was not available to you. This is the reality many people around the world are facing right now. Globalization has had far-reaching effects on our lifestyle. â€Å"It has led to faster access to technology, improved communicationRead MoreWater Scarcity Is A Shortage Of Water1373 Words   |  6 Pageslevel presence on its surface. However 97.5% of that water is salt seawater that is unusable by people or in day-to-day tasks (International Desalination Association, 2015). Earth is running out of fresh water and offers only 0.26% of fresh water resources to utilize and suffice peoples’ needs (International Desalination Association, 2015). These statistics merely shed light on the relatively soon to become the highest demanded and highest priced product in the world ‘water’. Water shortages are increasingRead MoreAustralia s Global Food Network As A Surplus Producer Essay1420 Word s   |  6 Pageschallenges of this development will be the supply, distribution and access of water, food and nutrition on a global scale, while reducing the impact on the environment. The earth warms up as a result of extraordinarily high greenhouse gas emissions, generating extreme weather events which then affect the ones the most that are least accountable for the cause [2]. It is apparent that we are currently facing a global challenge that requires a solution urgently. As United Nations Secretary-General BanRead MoreA Brief Note On The 21st Century Wars Will Be Fought Over Water Resources1430 Words   |  6 Pageswars will be fought over water resources not oil. First, it will analyse the substantial causes of water scarcity as a result of man-made causes, the impact of climate change and the consequences of water mismanagement, and evaluate international water law. Then it will evaluate triggers to stress disputes into water war. Finally, this essay will offer concluding thoughts and suggestions for further research. First and foremost; the main causes of water scarcity are made by humans. It will considerRead MoreThe Accessible Water Resources The World Took For Granted1636 Words   |  7 PagesProfessor Menton English 1 December 14, 2015 The Accessible Water Resources the World Took for Granted Currently, â€Å"only 2.5 to 3 percent of all the natural water sources available on Earth are composed of fresh water† as written by Paul Alois, a researcher and writer for The World Bank. Alois continues, â€Å"less than 1 percent is easily accessible for human use† due to most of the natural water sources being unaccessible. As the global population grows, the environment keeps changing, and over usageRead MoreThe Environment Of The Water Management Choices Essay1682 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Water and how it is distributed has become the significant issue of our generation. This increasingly scarce resource is intrinsically linked to the global challenges of food insecurity, poverty, climate change, depletion of natural resources which affects the livelihoods of millions of people across the world (FAO, 2011). The water management choices that are made today will determine, to a large extent, whether societies achieve economic and social development and environmental sustainability

Osmosis in onion cell free essay sample

INRODUCTION A living plant cell will shrinks or swells depending on the solute concentration of the cell in relation to the solute concentration of the fluid surrounding the cell (1). It follows that water will move from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration therefore, if a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution water will move from the cell into the solution until the cell shrinks(1). Further water loss causes can cause the cells protoplasm to peel away from the cell wall leaving a gap between the cell wall and the cell membrane, a process called plasmolysis(1) However if the cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, water will move from the solution into the cell and cause the cell to burst (1). A cell in an isotonic solution neither swells nor shrinks because there is no concentration gradient for water across the cell membrane (1) The objective of this experiment is to find out the effect distilled water, 3% sodium chloride solution and 5% sodium chloride solution have on onion epidermal cells. We will write a custom essay sample on Osmosis in onion cell or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page From the above literature, its hypothesised that the cells in distilled water should maintain their shape, cells in 3% sodium chloride should shrink and the cells in 5% sodium chloride should experience more shrinking than that of the 3% solution. The onion epidermal cell is transparent with a simple structure so it is a suitable cell for studying the effect of water loss on cells (2) Some specimens can be viewed directly underneath the microscope but putting a drop of water on the specimen can improve how the structures appear under microscope and also prevent the specimen from drying out on the slide (2). Adding water to the specimen is called wet mount. The liquid used in wet mount fills the space between the slides to support the specimen and also allows light to pass through easily (3). The liquid is usually water can also be a stain. Stains are used in microscopy to highlight structures in biological structures for viewing under microscopes (3). There are many types of stains each is used for its own benefits, iodine, eosin are some of the common stains used in the microscopy (3). Iodine is used as a cell stain because   it’s absorbed by cell organelles which are mostly transparent and turn them coloured making them more visible under the microscope (3). It was found that the cells which were placed in 3% solution increased in size contrary to the hypothesis. The cells placed in 5% solution shrank and cells in placed in normal saline kept their normal shape. MATERIALS Glass slide Cover slip Onion tissue Dropper Light miscrope Iodine Sodium chloride (NaCl) Distilled water Tweezers Measuring tube Bunsen tube Pipette Blotting paper Stage micrometer METHOD Lay down three different slides labelling the three different solution you intend to use. Peel a thin layer of tissues (epidermis) using the forceps (tweezers) from the whole onion. Put the epidermis on the center of each of the slide displayed and labelled. Drop a few drops of each of the labelled solutions onto the onion membrane, making sure the tissues is flattened and not wrinkled on the slide. Wait for 3 minutes before putting a cover slip on the slide. Put the cover slip on the stained tissue and the different solutions involve. Gently tap out any air bubbles and try to soak out any extra solution around the covered tissues. Adjust the diaphragm so that the right amount of light is shining on the slide stage. Put the slide onto the microscope stage and fix with the stage clips Observe the tissues under the microscope under low, medium and high powers. Also making sketches, writing  down observation. Making sure of an eye piece graticule and stage micrometer scale to measure cells and units. Be sure to write what magnification for each sketch. Make sure you label any organelles you see. Cell wall, membrane, nucleus and cytoplasm Calculate magnification of drawings and actual sizes of specimens DATA The eye piece graticule remains constant no matter what magnification the epidermis are looked at. RESULTS DISCUSSIONS CONLUSION References 1. Sperelakis, Nicholas (2011). Cell Physiology Source Book: Essentials of Membrane Biophysics. Academic Press. p. 288. ISBN 978-0-12-387738-3. 2. Horobin RW, Kiernan JA (2002) Conns Biological Stains. A Handbook of Dyes Stains and Fluorochromes for Use in Biology and Medicine. 10th ed. Oxford: BIOS. ISBN 1-85996-099-5 3. Clark G (1981) Staining Procedures, 4th ed., Baltimore: Williams Wilkins, p. 412, ISBN 0683017071.

Stanley Black and Decker Essay Example

Stanley Black and Decker Essay Madison Avenue New York, New York April 24, 2010 John F. Lundgren President amp; Chief Executive Officer Stanley Black amp; Decker 1000 Stanley Drive New Britain, CT 06053 Dear Mr. Lundgren, In response to your request, an evaluation of your firm, Stanley Black amp; Decker, was conducted to determine the strategic issues and problems within and surrounding your firm. This consisted of a review of the external environment, a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis incorporating identification of factors which drive the business, a determination of the company’s financial condition and performance, and consideration of ethics and social responsibility. Please find attached for your consideration a copy of my Business Report containing discussion of the preceding, as well as numerous conclusions and recommendations with justification. The principal recommendations for your firm are as follows: Short term recommendation 1. Shut down the power tool business 2. Expansion in security segment, especially health care product line 3. Decrease dividend-payout-ratio Long term recommendation 1. Create a marketing team with CRM members which will interact and develop relationship with Home Depot and Lowes, so that better and more shelve space can be acquired in the stores. 2. The merged company can ask for higher discounts for procuring raw materials 3. Improve after sales customer support service In the event you have any questions in this regard, please do not hesitate to contact me. Very truly yours, Rana Nayak We will write a custom essay sample on Stanley Black and Decker specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Stanley Black and Decker specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Stanley Black and Decker specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Senior Business Analyst Statement of Recommendations Short-term 1. Create a marketing team with CRM members which will interact and develop relationship with Home Depot and Lowes, so that better and more shelve space can be acquired in the stores. 2. To attract female customers, manufacture the consumer tools with appealing colors like green or pink. Also make these products lighter and ergonomic. 3. Form a division in the company to handle lawsuits filed against the company. The expenses have to be reduced as litigation expenses are substantial. 4. Employ Asian managers to carry out operations in Asia. . The merged company can ask for higher discounts for procuring raw materials 6. Design better packaging for attracting customers at retail stores like Home Depot and Lowes. 7. Advertise on TV Shows. 8. Improve customer service for after sales. 9. Do not shut down any plant in China. 10. Create a market research team to research about the tool industry in Asian Markets. 11. The compan y should design products for international market 12. Use the Black amp; Decker distribution system in the U. S markets to expand Stanleys product line in the retail segment. 13. Start Point-of Sale data collection 4. Set up a showcase office in New Delhi, India. Long-term Recommendations 1. For the segments of Convergent Security Solutions, Health care Solutions and Mechanical Access Solutions the company should maximize their investment and also try to seek market dominance since the market is growing. 2. Shut down the power tool business. 3. Cost containment and the Security segment continue to be bright spots. 4. Moodys has downgraded of StanleyBlackamp;Decker ratings to Baa1. Pay off some debt by reducing dividend payout ratio. 5. Decrease the underfunded debt obligation of $412. million for Stanley Works 6. The cost of production can be decreased by adopting economies of scale. 7. Procurement units can be moved closer to manufacturing plants 8. Invest in Ramp;D 9. Joint venture with â€Å"Future Group† in India to attain shelf places in the biggest retail chain stores. 10. The markets in India and China will be only targeted in the Industrial amp; Automotive and Security business s egments. 11. Open new service centers where products can be repaired and refurbished products should be sold at the same centers instead of Home Depot or Lowes. 2. The material facilities not being used by the company can be sold or leased to other companies. 13. Invest in Training 14. Implement SAP throughout the company. Remote/External Environment a) Economic Factors CDIY amp; INDUSTRIAL The hand tool industry is dependent upon the residential and commercial construction and home repair and renovation industries. The economic recession in the early 2000’s declined the demand in commercial and industrial sectors. However, growth in housing sectors has helped in sustaining the industry. In 2005, the hand tool industry sold $1. 4 billion but in 2006 it dropped down by $100million. Despite a sluggish economy in the early years of the first decade of the 2000s, the climate for hand tools remained positive. Extremely low interest rates caused a surge in new housing starts from 1. 2 million in 2000 to an estimated 1. 6 million in 2003. While residential construction boosted sales among professionals, consumer uncertainty about the economy, as well as the war against terrorism in Iraq and Afghanistan, caused a trend toward nesting. Home improvement and DIY projects rose as people postponed travel and other major undertakings, thus driving the consumer hand tool market. The power tool or pneumatic tools and fasteners include nail guns, staplers, nails and staples that are used for construction, remodeling, furniture making, pallet manufacturing and other applications involving the attachment of wooden materials. Industry growth depends upon increased expenditures in the ho me improvement, home repair and maintenance, and residential and commercial construction sectors. By 2005, increased purchases by women, who were tackling more DIY projects, also drove sales and demand for lightweight, easy-to-use designs. On the other hand, the global recession of 2008-09 had a huge impact on the housing industry. New housing starts reached an unprecedented low of just 494,000 as of May, 2009, which was down nearly 13% from just the previous month. This in turn severely impacted the financials of the major industry players, such as Black amp; Decker, who saw sales of their power hand tools drop by more than $800 million or 23% compared to the previous year. The industry shipped products valued at $1. 3 billion in 2006, which represented a drop from the $1. 4 billion shipped in 2005. However, according to The Freedonia Group, industry growth in the mid to late years of the first decade of the 2000s was projected to be driven by powerful, high-end tools and the continuing proliferation of cordless products. Professional buyers were anticipated to continue to generate more revenues than consumers, but in the DIY market overall growth was expected to outpace professional sales. SECURITY The company provides extensive suite of mechanical and electronic security product system and a variety of security services such as security integration system , software related installation, maintenance, monitoring services, automatic doors, door closers, exit devices, healthcare storage and supply chain solutions, patient protection products, hardware and locking mechanisms. A substantial portion of company’s products are sold to home centers and mass merchants in U. S and Europe. Security products are sold on a direct sales basis and in certain instances through party distributors. Despite the trend towards customer consolidation, the company has been able to make diversified customer base and has decreased customer concentration risk over the past several years. The sales from continuing operations in markets outside the home centers and mass merchant distribution channels have grown at a greater rate through combination of acquisitions and other efforts to broaden the customer base primarily in Security and Industrial segments. Porters Five Forces The threat of substitute products or services: Construction amp; DIY Low The hand tools industry is saturated with numerous small and large companies producing hand tools which include measuring and leveling tools, planes, hammers, demolition tools, knives and blades, screwdrivers, saws, chisels and consumer tackers. The tools are considered as commodities. Consumers are looking for products at better pricing. Local companies are producing these non-powered tools which are less priced as consumers are not concerned for quality. This is true for US, European and Asian markets. Pneumatic tools and fasteners include nail guns, staplers, nails and staples that are used for construction, remodeling, furniture making, pallet manufacturing and other applications involving the attachment of wooden materials. Industrial – Low There are no substitute products for industrial segment as tool will always be required in this segment. Only innovations can be done which can be counted as a competition. Security – Low Threat of substitutes in this industry is low as there are fewer chances of customers going for something that is second best as far as security services are concerned. The threat of the entry of new competitors Construction amp; DIY The growth in the commercial construction has made up the decline in residential construction last year but now that it is also slowing down the outlook for professional power tools is looking gloomy in the U. S. The threat of new competitors is low as the industry has already multiple established companies providing a wide range of hand tools and power tools to consumers. Industrial The Stanley works industrial segment faces an intense competition because there are many manufacturers of industrial products. Each company wants to achieve competitive advantage over other in terms of quality, technology, price, distribution and brand/image reputation. They would face competition not only in terms of similar products but also products that can be used as a substitute for its products. The primary competitors include SK Tools, Multi-power Tools, Bosch etc. Security The security industry is a commodity industry. Growth in this industry is related to the growth of the housing and construction industries. The North American and European markets are already mature, while the emerging markets of Asia and Latin America have strong growth potential. Companies compete aggressively on price, quality, after-sales service, manufacturing efficiency, and supply chain management. Companies tend to spend their advertising dollars on trade shows, trade publications, magazines and newspaper advertisements, and in-store displays. Threat of Entry LOW The barriers to entry within this industry are moderate to low due to brand preferences and customer loyalty towards the larger and more established rival companies. Other obstacles to new entrants include strong brand loyalty to establish firms and economic factors, such as requirement for large sources of capital, specialized facilities, and the technology and manufacturing plants. In addition, the accessibility of distribution channels can be difficult for an unknown firm with little or no brand recognition. Since there are several competitive forces in this industry, it is a difficult industry to penetrate in and be competitive. The entry barriers are high in this industry. There are already a lot of competitors in this industry and they can it difficult for a new entrant by using price cuts, increased advertising, product improvement, and promotions. Supply side economies of scale: Since companies produce large volumes then can capitalize economies of scale this can deter companies from entering the market because either they have to enter in large scale or assume a cost disadvantage. Unequal access to distribution channels: New comers will not have the same kind of access to distribution channels which is their main source of customers. The intensity of competitive rivalry In hand tools, with 50,300 employees and sales of approximately $12. 7 billion in 2008, Danaher Corp. of Washington, D. C. was the industry leader. Danaher expanded by merging with Chicago Pneumatic Tool Company, Acme-Cleveland Corporation, Pacific Scientific Co. , and Joslyn Corp. According to the International Directory of Company Histories, in 1994 Danaher Corporation was recognized as the worlds largest producer of drill chucks, the countrys largest producer and marketer of Swiss screw machine components, and the leading automotive tools supplier to the National Automotive Parts Association (NAPA) and Sears. In the power tools segment, the major industry players are Milwaukee, Makita, Stanley and Black amp; Decker. The bargaining power of customers (buyers) Construction amp; DIY High The bargaining power of buyers is high because as availability of professional segment tools, the products under Do It Yourself segment have become commodities. Hence consumers prefer better quality along with better pricing. Buyers switching cost have become low also as the tools from different companies are available in outlets like Sear, Kmart, Wal-Mart. Hence the bargaining power of buyers is high as all the power tools have more or less same design and serve same purpose. Industrial High The power of buyers is relatively high because for Industrial segment they have two types of customers. i. e. Direct Sales Customers and Retailers/Distributors. The consumers to whom the products are sold directly purchase the products based on their requirements, and price. In case of retailers/distributors they purchase the products in large quantities, which gives buyers substantial leverage over price. There are many manufacturers available in this industry that also provide the same products at very competitive prices. And the customers who buy these products have no switching costs, hence their bargaining is high. For e. g. during economic instability customers are reluctant to spends their money on very expensive or branded products instead they will choose to buy the products which gives them the work at a lower price. Security High Although the company has an established brand in the field of security tools it’s customers have a wide variety of options to choose from. With increased completion from private label brands the customers have high bargaining power. The bargaining power of suppliers Construction amp; DIY Low The bargaining power of suppliers is LOW because, multiple vendors are available for raw material procurement. Industrial Low The suppliers to the Stanley Works are producers/ distributors of ferrous and non-ferrous metals including, but not limited to steel, aluminum, zinc, brass, copper and nickel, as well as resin. the Company uses other commodity based materials for components and packaging including, but not limited to, plastics, wood, and other corrugated products. The raw materials required are procured globally and available from multiple sources at competitive prices. The Stanley Works can obtain these products at a very cheaper rate as there are many sources available. Hence in this case the bargaining power of suppliers is less. Bargaining power of suppliers – low The raw materials required are produced globally and are available from multiple sources at competitive prices. The company does not anticipate difficulties in obtaining any raw materials or energy used in production process. Hence the bargaining power of suppliers is very low. Social Factors CDIY amp; Industrial Professional power tool users include construction workers, electricians, plumbers, repair and maintenance workers, auto mechanics, and manufacturing workers. They are very conscious of quality and features and tend to buy only those tools that are durable, functional, dependable, and capable of precision. They purchase tools through jobbers, contractor supply firms, industrial supply house, building supply centers, and some home improvement centers. The industry is growing as the world population grows rapidly. In U. S. A. , real GDP grew at an average annual rate of 4. 1 percent from 1995 to 2000 compared with 2. 7 percent from 1987 to 1995. Private wage and salary disbursements increased as GDP grew. Key product trends, such as ergonomic designs, added features, and improved battery performance, influences current product development. Fastening and assembly is one of the few areas in manufacturing where things are continually moving fast. No longer can the design and cost of fasteners be viewed outside of the manufacturing process. The design of the fastener and its impact on production costs and product development process must be taken into consideration, rather than treated as piecemeal. Security Security is a multibillion-dollar industry, consisting of a diverse group of corporations that supply personnel and products designed to protect public and private property and individuals from a variety of problems such as theft, arson, and personal attacks. Services include security guards, private investigators, and consultants. Products range from armored cars to X-ray scanning devices to bank vaults. In addition, an area of significant growth and importance for the security industry in the early years of the first decade of the twenty-first century was securing intangibles, in particular intellectual property, computer-stored information or data, and computer networks. Throughout the world, it was an especially important industry in view of real and assumed threats to national security, petroleum pipelines, nuclear power plants, and the global economy, among others. Political Factors Power tools are subject to various safety and environmental laws and regulations. There are several accidents that can involved power tool. Power tools can pose electrical hazards, fire and explosion hazards, projectile hazards, cuts, abrasions, and amputation hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise hazard. Power tools are regulated by the Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Underwriters Laboratories Inc. , and CSA International. For both retail and professional power tools, they can both be dangerous if they are not used properly but for more so for professional because they are used on a daily basis. A major risk faced by professionals that use power tools is the Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome which is a collection of disorders caused by overexposure to vibration of portable power tools. Regulations have been put in place by OSHA that makes employers responsible for the safe condition of tools and equipment used by employees. A risk that is faced by both retail consumers and professionals is loss of hearing; power tools can generate noise levels that can exceed 85 dBA when that occurs users should wear hearing protection. In recent news, the Government Accountability Office has been asked to investigate OSHA’s reporting on work-related injuries and illnesses. This would affect the power tools because stricter regulations can be put in place that would affect the design and production of power tools. Industrial Fastening System Increased sales of Japanese automobiles affected the operation of both OE and aftermarket parts manufacturers. Because most Japanese aftermarket parts were furnished by Japanese OE suppliers, the volumes of replacement parts for domestic parts suppliers dropped as Japanese vehicles increased their market share in the United States. Foreign vehicles manufactured in the U. S. had significantly fewer domestic suppliers than Big Three’s cars. At the request of U. S. suppliers, the FTC began an investigation of alleged antitrust violations by Japanese auto producers in the U. S. As a result, the U. S government forced Japanese automakers to increase their purchasing volume from domestic suppliers. Congress instituted the Fastener Quality Act in 1990 due to the scandal of unqualified fasteners. The strict standards spurred the fastener industry to upgrade its competitive ability more over than foreign competitors. In June 1999, the U. S. fastener industry got its wish when President Clinton signed a series of amendments on the FQA, in an effort to make legislation less burdensome. Supporters of the amending legislation claimed that it shifted the policing focus from government mandated regulations to more â€Å"preventive measures. † The new legislation also recognized decade long industry improvements in quality control and eliminated test performances at government-approved facilities. Plumbing Workers safety measures were gaining fast popularity. Even government and individual chapters were getting involved into it. In response to the same, Black amp; Decker Hardware and Home Improvement group’s Kwikset facility in Denison, Texas became an OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) Voluntary Protection Program star facility in 2006. There were specific rules for designing and manufacturing plumbing products laid down by the government as well as other chapters. Price Pfister products in plumbing industry are designed and manufactured in compliance with the standards and codes of Federal specification, American National Standard, Uniform Plumbing Code, Federal Energy Policy Act, California Energy Commission and the Canadian Standard Association. Technological Factors Construction amp; DIY Ergonomics, which is the engineering of tools for maximum comfort and minimal hazard to the human body, was an increasingly popular consideration for this industry. In 1999, Stanley Works redesigned the handles of many of its tools to better fit the human hand and to reduce the likelihood of injury from vibration and other stresses. For instance, the company incorporated a carbon-steel shank into its AntiVibe framing hammer to absorb the shock that traditional hammers transmitted to the human arm. Stanley Works also offered an ergonomic screwdriver with a diamond-textured handle made of soft elastomer and a layer of hard polypropylene, so that consumers could grasp the tool firmly without needing to squeeze hard enough to hurt their hands. Security For several years, demand lagged behind the technologys maturity. Prohibitive implementation costs, lingering technical problems, fears of privacy invasion, and concerns over system accuracy stalled mass implementation. By the middle of the first decade of the twenty-first century, security systems were well entrenched in some sectors, particularly government and health care, but penetration was meager for other industries that were long on promise, such as financial services and the travel industry. In 2006, governmental applications remained the predominant market for security tools, while certain types of security systems enjoyed overwhelming dominance. But the heightened security consciousness in the mid-years of the first decade of the 2000s was making a noticeable impression on the industrys prospects. Decreasing costs and increasing technical sophistication of products meant that security tools were gradually penetrating many kinds of transactions. Security tools technology in the early and middle years of the twenty-first centurys first decade thus enjoyed a period of modest but promising growth, moving out of the realm of science fiction and into everyday life. Environmental Factors Future laws and regulations are expected to be increasingly stringent and will likely increase the industry participants expenditures related to environmental matters. Many companies have been named as potentially responsible party (â€Å"PRP†) in a number of administrative proceedings for the remediation of various waste sites. Current laws potentially impose joint and several liabilities upon each PRP. Business operations of companies are subject to foreign, federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations. These laws and regulations define the acceptable methods for the discharge of pollutants and the disposal of products and components that contain certain substances. These laws and regulations also require that products be designed in a manner to permit easy recycling or proper disposal of environmentally-sensitive components such as nickel cadmium batteries. Batteries used in professional power tools should be designed to meet environmental requirements. IV. SWOT Analysis for Stanley Works Strengths The Company’s operations are classified into three business segments: Security, Industrial, and Construction amp; Do-It-Yourself. All segments have significant international operations in developed countries, but do not have large investments that would be subject to expropriation risk in developing countries. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates affect the U. S. dollar translation of international operations in each segment. Core Competencies Stanley works core competency lies in the security segment of the business especially in the Mechanical Access System. Stanley has been making hardware like hinges, hooks safe locks and keys science 1843. Its major brands being Best, Kwikset, Baldwin, or Weiser and many more. Distinctive Competencies The company has a distinctive competency of hedging its Business Segments based on the demand in the market. The company can take profits from on of its segments to cover of the losses for its other based on the current market condition Company has a distinctive competency in its Health care sector. Stanley entered the Health Care sector in 2007 and has grown enormously in this sector with major revenues coming from the health care department. Competitive Strategy The competitive strategy of Stanley Works is acquisitions of  companies for obtaining employees, processes, technologies and solutions. Multiple and diversified revenue streams of Stanley Works: Stanley has a balanced revenue generation from its three business segments. For the year 2008, CDIY (construction and do-it-yourself), security, and industrial accounted for 37. 4%, 33. 8%, and 28. 8% of the companys total revenues, respectively. This diversification of business portfolio is protecting the company’s earning by providing opportunity to follow the demand variability of different product lines. The company has the flexibility to focus on growing industry and tune its production levels accordingly. Strong brand equity The company has established strong brand equity in construction and industrial segments. The key brands of the company include Stanley, Bostitch, FatMax, MaxGrip, DynaGrip, PowerLock, Proto, Husky, Vidmar, ZAG, MAC, Jensen, Contact East, Bostitch, Atro, Cobotics, LaBounty, and Innerspace. The strong brand equity in the construction and industrial segment makes the company the world leader in the design, development and delivery of tools. In addition, the company has numerous trademarks that are used in its businesses worldwide. For instance, the company’s tagline ‘Make Something Great’ acts as a center piece of the brand strategy for all three segments. The company’s list of trademarks include BEST, HSM, National, Sonitrol, GdP , Xmark, LaBounty, MAC, Mac Tools, Proto, Vidmar, Facom, Virax, USAG, the Bostitch, Powerlock, Tape Rule Case Design (Powerlock), and FatMax. These well-known trademarks enjoy the reputation for quality and value and are among the world’s most trusted brand names. Strong brand equity not only ensures employee and customer retention, but also enables the company to launch more products under its own labels. Power tools, lawn and garden products, portable power products, home products, and accessories are marketed around the world under the BLACK amp; DECKER name as well as other trademarks, and trade names, including, without limitation, ORANGE AND BLACK COLOR SCHEME; POWERFUL SOLUTIONS; FIRESTORM; GELMAX COMFORT GRIP; MOUSE; BULLSEYE; PIVOT DRIVER; STORMSTATION; WORKMATE; BLACK amp; DECKER XT; Stanley fulfillment system (SFS) SFS was created to improve Stanley’s long tradition of its business excellence. It helps in improving the company’s business operations such as procurement, quality in manufacturing, maximizing customer fill rates, integrating acquisitions and other key business processes. It operates as a continuous improvement program focused on the needs of the company’s customers. Moreover, SFS acts as a blueprint for company’s success and roadmap for continued growth. In addition, SFS is focused on continuously improving the key areas where Stanley interacts with its customers. The company measures and implements control improvements to its areas of business to ensure customers have a positive experience. The SFS system helps in improving service, increase quality and reduce cost which gives a competitive edge to the company over its rivals. Diversified business operations globally: Material facilities owned by the Stanley Works and its subsidiaries follow: CDIY Miramar, Florida; Fishers, Indiana; Kannapolis, North Carolina; Epping, Australia; Mechelen, Belgium; Oakville, Canada; Leeds, England; Karmiel and Migdal, Israel; Biassono and Figino Serenza, Italy and Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. Industrial Phoenix, Arizona; Two Harbors, Minnesota; Columbus, Georgetown, and Sabina, Ohio; Allentown, Pennsylvania; Dallas, Texas; Pecky, Czech Republic; Epernay, Ezy Sur Eure, Feuquieres en Vimeu, Morangis and Villeneuve Le Roi, France; and Fano, Gemonio and Monvalle, Italy. Security Farmington, Connecticut; Sterling and Rock Falls, Illinois; Indianapolis, Indiana; Nicholasville, Kentucky; Richmond, Virginia; Cobourg, Canada; Nueva Leon, Mexico; and Xiaolan, Peoples Republic of China. Industrial a. Professional amp; Automotive mechanics tools amp; storage system 1. Broad Array of End Markets . Unique Range Of Government Solutions 3. Light-weighted compared to other available products. b. Hydraulic tools amp; accessories Reduce Initial Costs 1. Air Compressors required to power pneumatic tools are expensive and comparatively the dual hydraulic tool circuit are very cheap. 2. Reduce Operating Costs 1. Less system maintenance: A hydraulic system has few moving parts and is self- lubr icated; therefore requires far less maintenance than an air system. 2. Less tool maintenance:   Hydraulic tools are full of oil at all times, and are thus preserved and lubricated. 3. More efficient. Most hydraulic systems operate at two or three times the efficiency of air systems because the oil is not compressible. 4. No pilferage: While there is a ready market for gasoline or air powered tools, the general public does not have a hydraulic source of power. Hydraulic tools are seldom pilfered. Advantages for the Operator 1. Safer. Hydraulic oil is a poor conductor of electricity. A hydraulic tool with nonconductive hoses is much safer dielectrically than an air tool which may have moisture condensed in the hose. 2. Lower noise levels. Noise of air tools comes from both the compressor and the tool exhaust. Hydraulic tools have neither of these sources, and operate at noticeably lower noise levels. 3. Higher power-weight ratio. Air tools operating at 90-100 psi must be larger and heavier to achieve force

Captain Sir Henry Morgan - Biography

Captain Sir Henry Morgan - Biography Henry Morgan - Early Life: Little information exists regarding Henry Morgans early days. It is believed that he was born around 1635, in either Llanrhymny or Abergavenny, Wales and was the son of local squire Robert Morgan. Two principal stories exist to explain Morgans arrival in the New World. One states that he traveled to Barbados as an indentured servant and later joined the expedition of General Robert Venables and Admiral William Penn in 1655, to escape his service. The other details how Morgan was recruited by the Venables-Penn expedition at Plymouth in 1654. In either case, Morgan appears to have taken part in the failed attempt to conquer Hispaniola and the subsequent invasion of Jamaica. Electing to remain in Jamaica, he was soon joined by his uncle, Edward Morgan, who was appointed lieutenant-governor of the island after the restoration of King Charles II in 1660. After marrying his uncles eldest daughter, Mary Elizabeth, later that year, Henry Morgan began sailing in the buccaneer fleets that were employed by the English to attack Spanish settlements. In this new role, he served a captain in the fleet of Christopher Myngs in 1662-1663. Henry Morgan - Building Reputation: Having taken part in Myngs successful plundering of Santiago de Cuba and Campeche, Mexico, Morgan returned to sea in late 1663. Sailing with Captain John Morris and three other ships, Morgan looted the provincial capital of Villahermosa. Returning from their raid, they found that their ships had been captured by Spanish patrols. Unperturbed, they captured two Spanish ships and continued their cruise, sacking Trujillo and Granada before returning to Port Royal, Jamaica. In 1665,  Jamaican Governor Thomas Modyford Morgan appointed Morgan as vice-admiral of and expedition led by Edward Mansfield and tasked with capturing Curacao.   Once at sea, much of the expeditions leadership decided that Curacao was not a sufficiently lucrative target and instead set course for the Spanish islands of Providence and Santa Catalina.   The expedition captured the islands, but encountered problems when Mansfield was captured and killed by the Spanish. With their leader dead, the buccaneers elected Morgan their admiral. With this success, Modyford began sponsoring a number of Morgans cruises again the Spanish. In 1667, Modyford dispatched Morgan with ten ships and 500 men to free a number of English prisoners being held in Puerto Principe, Cuba. Landing, his men sacked the city but found little wealth as its inhabitants had been warned of their approach.   Freeing the prisoners, Morgan and his men re-embarked and sailing south to Panama in search of greater riches. Targeting Puerto Bello, a key Spanish center of trade, Morgan and his men came ashore and overwhelmed the garrison before occupying the town. After defeating a Spanish counterattack, he agreed to leave the town after receiving a large ransom. Though he had exceeded his commission, Morgan returned a hero and his exploits were glossed over by Modyford and the Admiralty. Sailing again in January 1669, Morgan descended on the Spanish Main with 900 men with the goal of attacking Cartagena. Later that month, his flagship, Oxford exploded, killing 300 men. With his forces reduced, Morgan felt he lacked the men to take Cartagena and turned east. Intending to strike Maracaibo, Venezuela, Morgans force was compelled to capture San Carlos de la Barra Fortress in order to move through the narrow channel approaching the city. Successful, they then attacked Maracaibo but found that the population had largely fled with their valuables.   After three weeks of searching for gold, he re-embarked his men before sailing south into Lake Maracaibo and occupying Gibraltar. Spending several weeks ashore, Morgan next sailed north, capturing three Spanish ships before re-entering the Caribbean. As in the past, he was chastised by Modyford upon his return, but not punished. Having established himself as the preeminent buccaneer leader in the Caribbean, Morgan was named commander-in-chief of all warships in Jamaica and given a blanket commission by Modyford to make war against the Spanish. Henry Morgan - Attack on Panama: Sailing south in late 1670, Morgan recaptured the island of Santa Catalina on December 15 and twelve days later occupied Chagres Castle in Panama. Advancing up the Chagres River with 1,000 men, he approached the city of Panama on January 18, 1671. Splitting his men into two groups, he ordered one to march through nearby woods to flank the Spanish as the other advanced across open ground. As the 1,500 defenders attacked Morgans exposed lines, the forces in the woods attacked routing the Spanish. Moving into the city, Morgan captured over 400,000 pieces of eight. During Morgans stay, the city was burned however the source of the fire is disputed. Returning to Chagres, Morgan was stunned to learn that peace had been declared between England and Spain. Upon reaching Jamaica, he found that Modyford had been recalled and that orders had been issued for his arrest. On August 4, 1672, Morgan was taken into custody and transported to England. At his trial he was able to prove that he had no knowledge of the treaty and was acquitted. In 1674, Morgan was knighted by King Charles and sent back to Jamaica as lieutenant governor. Henry Morgan - Later Life: Arriving in Jamaica, Morgan took up his post under Governor Lord Vaughan. Overseeing the islands defenses, Morgan also further developed his vast sugar plantations. In 1681, Morgan was replaced by his political rival, Sir Thomas Lynch, after falling out of favor with the king. Removed from the Jamaican Council by Lynch in 1683, Morgan was reinstated five years later after his friend Christopher Monck became governor. In declining health for several years, Morgan died on August 25, 1688, renowned as one of the most successful and ruthless privateers ever to sail the Caribbean. Selected Sources Cordingly, David. Under the Black Flag: The Romance and the Reality of Life Among the Pirates. New York: Random House, 2006Henry Morgan BiographyData Wales: Henry Morgan

Biography of the Roman Emperor Vespasian

Biography of the Roman Emperor Vespasian The historical importance of Vespasian is as the founder of the second imperial dynasty in Rome, the Flavian Dynasty. When this short-lived dynasty came to power, it put an end to the governmental turmoil that followed the end of the first imperial dynasty, the Julio-Claudians. He started major building projects like the Colosseum and raised revenue through taxation to finance them and other Rome improvement projects. Vespasian was officially known as Imperator Titus Flavius Vespasianus Caesar. Early Life Vespasian was born Nov. 17, 9 A.D., at Falacrinae (a village northeast of Rome), and died June 23, 79, of diarrhea at Aquae Cutiliae (location of baths, in central Italy). In A.D. 66 Emperor Nero gave Vespasian military command to settle the revolt in Judaea. Vespasian acquired a military following and soon became Roman emperor (from July 1, 69-June 23, 79), coming to power after the Julio-Claudian Emperors and putting an end to the chaotic year of the four emperors (Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian). Founding the Flavian Dynasty Vespasian established a short (3-emperor) dynasty, known as the Flavian dynasty. Vespasians sons and successors in the Flavian Dynasty were Titus and Domitian. Vespasians wife was Flavia Domitilla. In addition to producing the two sons, Flavia Domitilla was the mother of another Flavia Domitilla. She died before he became emperor. As emperor, he was influenced by his mistress, Caenis, who had been secretary to the mother of Emperor Claudius. Source: DIR Vespasian

DQ1_Wk6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DQ1_Wk6 - Essay Example The decisions are not always taken in the correct manner and hence at times there are serious issues as per their adherence. The standards and procedures need to be followed to the hilt so as to make adequate arrangements for liaising with the people who matter the most. These channel members could be the wholesalers, distributors, retailers or the middlemen who are involved under these channel dynamics. When it comes to branding itself, channel decisions take the front seat and thus become all the more important. (Paley, 2006) Bypassing middlemen in order to save costs and reducing on time constraints might just be the order of the day but then again if the same decisions do not bring in the much needed effectiveness and efficiency for the branding that has been done for a product, the manufacturer might just do away with this issue once and for all. He would resort to employing all the channel members to ensure that his branding ideology is manifested in the most righteous way and that there are no hiccups in the wake of achieving the targets set forth by the manufacturer or the parent organization. There are advantages and disadvantages alike of this bypassing middlemen scenario. Distribution channel model talks about the different retailers, wholesalers and distributors who make the process of transfer of products between the manufacturer and the customer possible. The different means and ways to get in touch with the customers is thus the responsibility of these channel members. The company’s m arketing as well as the distribution strategy is completely focused upon in this business model. There is more accessibility for the channel members that include the retailers, distributors, wholesalers and even the third parties. The relationships have changed between the channel members and are quite apparent by the fact that at many places within the distribution chain we find that there is horizontal and vertical

Designing and Managing the Early Childhood Classroom Essay

Designing and Managing the Early Childhood Classroom - Essay Example †¦the physical classroom you are given by your administrator. However what you do with that space says a great deal about you as a professional. Parents and the administrators may take their first impressions of you from your classroom before you have an opportunity to speak with them (6). A good classroom is one in which you can see the learning areas clearly when you walk into the room†¦you are in control of the traffic pattern in your classroom. The traffic pattern refers to the places on the room throughout which the children and the teachers will move. The traffic pattern sets the tone of the room just as much as the wall decorations can, and it will likewise set the tone for activities and behaviors throughout the day(6). It is sound research that the first five years of a child’s life are the formative education and learning experiences for the child concerned. The preschool years are important in impacting in an appreciable way the rest of the life of the child. Therefore, the provision of nothing but the best for our coming generations is a must. The purpose of all the stake holders must be to provide the most enriching environment possible. This is directed related by the preschool curriculum. Teachers teaching at this early level need to be well trained not only in teaching but many other aspects as well. Moreover the environment is to be absolutely fool-proof. No splinters that can ignite fire and no jaded edges that can rip through the flesh. The space does not count but the way it is utilized does. The classroom must have a theme. What I propose is the four seasons. The beauty of the thematic settings highlights and sets a tone, in addition it provides ample space for psychological, sociological, psychiatric and physical needs of the growing child. Winter, Fall, Spring and Summer. For the birth to pre k things like temperature

Private labels and their effect in the market Essay Example for Free

Private labels and their effect in the market Essay Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The intense competition in retail markets has driven retailers to offer their own products that have somewhat similar quality at affordable price. The so-called â€Å"private label† becomes an attractive solution for customers that cannot afford to buy branded products.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to global survey on private labeling, performed by AC Nielsen in 2005, they found that consumers in 38 markets continue accepting private labeling as good alternatives especially in markets where private labeling has existed for a long time. On average, in the Europe like Pacific regions, private labeling is perceived to be preferred choice by 78% of their consumers, followed by North America (77%), and Asia (51%). In terms of individual country, private labeling becomes the most preferred choices in Netherlands (91%), followed by Portugal (89%), and Germany (88%) (Shelf Impact, 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The situation suggests that private labeling now becomes the savior for consumers and serious threat for branded producers. Since the private labeling has been adapted in many countries worldwide, this paper will discuss about private labeling of Welch Foods in United Arab Emirates (UAE). Company Background   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Welch Foods is a well-known producer of juices, jams, and jellies made from Concord and Niagara grapes. Since the company only produces particular type of grapes that only grows in the United States and some parts of Canada, it becomes the Welch’s competitive advantages.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, as globalization and open market policies are adopted by several countries to ensure fair competition, Welch Foods face serious threats as giant retailers start aggressively their private labeling strategy on variety of products including juice products. Private Labels and Its Impacts on market   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By definition, private labeling refers to products or services that produced or manufactured by one company to offer under another company’s brands. Usually, retailers’ name appears on the packaging of the products and offer customers much lower price than other branded products.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In case of Welch Foods that face intense competition from other branded juice products and private label in the UAE, the company must deal with private labeling strategies that retailers or supermarkets performs. Therefore, in order to cope with pricing strategies that retailers perform to undermine branded products, Welch Foods have two options.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   First is to form an agreement with retailers to produce store brands for the retailers. This private labeling of Welch has following benefits: It prevents competitors (juice producers) to take opportunity of private labeling with retailers/supermarkets Reduce promotion costs since it is such a joint promotion program Obtaining more shelf space in retailers’ outlets   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The second option is to produce second layer products if the retailers have conducted private labeling with Welch’s competitors. By delivering second layer products, the company can match the retailers’ private label products. Case of Welch Foods in United Arab Emirate (UAE)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The fast growing of private label industry also exist in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). During the Private Label Middle East (PLME) – Dubai 2007, the number of foreign companies that are interested in entering UAE through private label strategy is increasing (AME Info, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The situation suggests that Dubai becomes one target market of private label industry. AME Info refers Dubai as the gateway to private label industry ion the Middle East in which in the exhibition there are about 100 exhibitors from more than 20 countries want to enter UAE through private labeling.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to AC Nielsen survey, 84% of UAE consumers know at least one private label. This is much better than United Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (only 67%). Due to the intense competition in retail industry, Welch Foods must provide counter strategy to compete with already-in-market private labels.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In simple ways, Welch Foods must perform marketing plan that consist of the following activities: Identification and Choosing Market Segments   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For most products, there are always a number of different markets into which the product can be sold. Furthermore, within each market there are also a number of market segments that will also need special attentions. These segments are based on age, sex, tastes and preferences, religious beliefs, demography, income, etc. The importance of identifying and choosing between these different segments lies in several requirements. First, identifying between market segments is required to tailor the product quality characteristics. Second, it is important for designing promotional efforts. Third, it is important to design distribution and sales strategies. Designing the Marketing Mix   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The marketing mix design (product, place, promotion and price) is derived from the identification of market segments performed earlier. It is the answer to some of these questions: who will be our customers?, where are our customers?, what are the average income level of our intended customers?, who are our competitors?, what are their apparent strengths and weaknesses?, how will our product be better?, how will our product be distributed?, etc. Enhance Packaging and Building Brand Image   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first impression obtained by consumers about any product comes from its brand image and packaging. A simple attraction toward product label or packaging could lead to a lifetime of product loyalty. Thus, the design of a label, design of a package and the quality of materials used for packaging is a critical factor that has considerable influence in determining sales number.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (‘Marketing’. n.d; Lake, 2005) Reference: AME Info. (2007). Private label industry on growth path across the Middle East. Retrieved November 15, 2007 from http://www.ameinfo.com/135804.html Gordon, I.H. (1999). Relationship Marketing: New Strategies, Techniques, and Technologies to Win the Customers You Want and Keep Them Forever. John Wiley and Sons John Stanley About.com. (2007). Brands versus Private Labels. Retrieved November 07 from http://retailindustry.about.com/library/uc/02/uc_stanley2.htm Kotler, Philip. (2000). Marketing Management. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Lake, Laura. (2005). How To Develop a Marketing Strategy in 5 Easy Steps. Retrieved November 14, 2007 from http://marketing.about.com/cs/advertising/ht/5steps2strategy.htm SBA. (2003). Target Market. Retrieved November 14, 2007 from Available at: http://www.sba.gov/starting_business/marketing/research.html Shelf Impact. (2005). Consumers: Private label ‘good alternative’ to other brands. Retrieved November 14, 2007 from http://www.shelfimpact.com/archives/2005/09/consumers_private_label_good_a.php

The Unusual Protagonist of Grettirs Saga :: Grettir Saga Essays

The Unusual Protagonist of Grettir's Saga  Ã‚   The decision to make Grettir the protagonist for Grettir's Saga is an interesting if not unusual choice on the part of the author(s). Examination of this atypical choice speaks volumes about the Icelandic society in the 13th century, when it is believed the saga was written down, as well as Icelandic society during the 10th century, when the majority of the action in the saga occurs. Before we begin an analysis and examination of Grettir, however, it is important to understand what a saga is and the purpose it serves. The author of Grettir's Saga is unknown. In fact, there is actually more than one author. Sagas were not written down until the 13th century at the earliest, yet they cover events that occurred even before the founding of Iceland between 830-950 (Hastrup 150-51). The reason for this discrepancy is that sagas began as oral stories. The sagas were passed down from generation to generation orally until they were written down in the 13th century. This is why there are actually multiple authors to the saga. Each time the saga was told, it was not told exactly the same. As the storytellers changed, so to did some of the events of the saga. While the changes made to the saga by the storytellers were not significant to change it's overall meaning, they do have the ability to enhance certain feats by Grettir, attacking the credibility of the story if dwelled upon. However, while certain events may not be completely true, the message that Grettir portrays and the issues that he represents are true and accurate. It is important to remember that the saga was considered a history, but was not to be used as a primary source for information. It served better when considered a vehicle for transporting traditional wisdom based on historical knowledge (Hastrup 143). Grettir was an unusual choice as a protagonist because he was an outlaw. He did not possess many heroic qualities and was not the typical protagonist that was liked by many of the characters in the novel or saga. Grettir was actually disliked by many and constantly in trouble with the law. Grettir's exploits were humane at times and bordered on heroic but his misdeeds weighed heavily against him. The author(s) of the saga took a chance by using Grettir as their protagonist.

Illegally Downloading Music Essay

Music, a very popular trend in our day. There are all types of music; hip hop, rock, rap, pop, etc. With the growing amounts of songs and artists, people want to listen to them more. Therefore they need some source in order to listen to these songs. If downloading music off the internet is considered â€Å"illegal†, then why do people have music sharing websites? There are about 500 online services located in 40 countries. With all these websites people should be allowed to download music and let it not be considered stealing. For example: If I walk into a record store, steal a CD and then walk out it is no longer there and no one can have it, it is gone. But on the other hand if I download a song off a music sharing website, many other people can do the same and it is also free! I’ll admit that artists sell their music on programs such as â€Å"ITunes† where people pay about a dollar or more for a song, which can help benefit their songs, but who wants to pay that much money for songs? When you download music for free they will get recognized a lot quicker because the community will start sharing with many others and considering that it is free it may be more popular. People over 30 years of age may consider it stealing because at their age, there were no music sharing sites like â€Å"Limewire, or Napster†. Instead they would buy CD’s then either copy them on to cassettes or share them with friends. There are also sites like â€Å"MySpace† where it is okay to demand free music on a playlist, but it’s not okay on custom playlists just because the contracts aren’t right. Eventually downloading music may not be considered stealing, but until this is ethically wrong, downloading music should not be considered stealing.

Corruption Free Society Essay Essay

Corruption is silently eating into the vitals of our nation like termite. Bit by bit, it is denting our dignity and compromising our soul. Not only does it affect individuals like you and me but alarmingly it affects our nation as a whole. Imagine our nation slowly transforming into a nation of scoundrels and imbeciles. The odds, that next person you meet on the street, having either asked for or having paid a bribe, are getting higher by the day. All this exhibits a problem that is not going anywhere soon and mocks the high moral ground that we aspire to occupy in the international arena. Corruption has afflicted all the organs of our society including the polity, bureaucracy, judiciary, police, businessmen, and even public at large. It has rendered our governance apparatus hollow and ineffective. Countless efforts to combat corruption have not made any significant dent into this hydra headed monster. It simply keeps growing bigger & bigger, consuming new and old alike. Things have come to such a pass that it is much more difficult for an honest person to survive in the system while the dishonest are clearly made to feel at home. Such a system forces even fresh recruit to quickly fall in line and creates a vicious circle that promotes corruption. So how do we break this vicious circle? This forum aspires not just to discuss & vent pent up anger. It also aims to become a means for gauging the level of Corruption in society. One of the primary reasons for Corruption to flourish is the utter secrecy associated with it. Everyone knows it is there but no one talks about it. Lets start talking about it, right here.

Independence Day (The Language of the Declaration of Independence)

Independence Day (The Language of the Declaration of Independence) Independence Day (The Language of the Declaration of Independence) Happy Fourth of July! 240 years ago today, America’s founding fathers agreed to adopt the Declaration of Independence (it wasn’t signed until August). Traditionally, we mark this occasion with food, flags, and fireworks. All while saluting the American Eagle of Freedom. [Photo: Therightclicks/wikimedia]However, we’re proofreaders, and there’s only one way we know how to celebrate: pointing out grammatical and spelling mistakes. Today, then, we shall turn our pedantry towards the Declaration of Independence to see how our language has changed since 1776. Capitalization Anyone who reads the Declaration of Independence will notice that some words are capitalized when you wouldnt expect them to be. Sure, there are some comparisons with modern English, like capitalizing â€Å"Government† when referring to a specific government. But others, like in â€Å"Safety and Happiness,† are less familiar. However, this capitalization was a common way to emphasize particular words at the time, so it only seems odd to modern eyes. Peculiar capitalization and a typo or, possibly, quill-o? American vs. British English American and British English have since developed in different ways. In 1776, though, British spellings were dominant in America. We can see this in the Declaration of Independence with the spelling of â€Å"neighbourhood.† Another example is the use of â€Å"which† and â€Å"that.† The British still use these terms interchangeably, but American English uses â€Å"that† for clauses that change the meaning of a sentence (restrictive relative clauses) and saves â€Å"which† for clauses that simply add more detail (non-restrictive relative clauses). But the Declaration of Independence uses the British model. An interesting exception is the last word of the document, â€Å"honor,† which uses the modern American spelling rather than the British version (â€Å"honour†). Other Spelling Issues There are also some unusual spellings that we can’t blame on the English, like â€Å"compleat,† â€Å"hath shewn† and â€Å"Brittish.† And don’t even get us started on the inalienable/unalienable thing. That one is just confusing. Can we not just accept that unalienable and inalienable mean the same thing? In reality, we can’t call these â€Å"mistakes,† since it’s only recently that many spellings have been standardized. But they still look strange to our eyes. Gendered Language That â€Å"all men are created equal† is one of the most famous lines in the English language. But the fact it says â€Å"men† reflects how women were excluded from public discourse. Nowadays, we’d probably pick a more inclusive term. We imagine Abigail Adams was particularly annoyed. We’d hopefully also reconsider the reference to â€Å"merciless Indian Savages,† which could sound ever-so-slightly insensitive these days. A Very Important Period We won’t go into depth, but some scholars think we’ve been reading the Declaration of Independence wrong. And this is all because of a misplaced period after â€Å"the pursuit of Happiness.† Period or comma? You decide! Put simply, the use of â€Å"That† at the start of the next sentence suggests it was supposed to run on from the previous part, while the period is also missing in some versions of the document. The issue at stake is whether the following passage – related to how governments are instituted to protect the rights of citizens – counts as one of the â€Å"self-evident† truths that precede it. If nothing else, it’s definitely a good example of why proofreading is important!

Lets Just Prosecute to the FULL extent of the Law.

Lets Just Prosecute to the FULL extent of the Law. Lets Just Prosecute to the FULL extent of the Law. Lets Just Prosecute to the FULL extent of the Law. By Maeve Maddox Philip Dragonetti writes: Another word that drives me up the wall is fullestas in: Violators will be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law. Would someone please tell me how the fullest extent of the law is greater than the full extent of the law? I agree with Philip that full is sufficient when speaking of the extent of the law. Thats not to say that fullest extent is always superfluous. For example: â€Å"I live every day to its fullest extent and I dont sweat the small stuff.† Olivia Newton-John Taking shelter in the dead is death itself, and only taking all the risk of life to the fullest extent is living.† Rabindranath Tagore The use of fullest in these examples is acceptable because the extent to which life can be lived depends upon external factors such as health and opportunity. The law, on the other hand, is determinate. The extent is set. You may prosecute someone to the full extent of the law. The superlative form fullest is not required. By now the expression the fullest extent of the law has taken on the character of a clichà ©. It is annoyingly imprecise, but its probably not going to go away. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Based in" and "based out of"Acronym vs. Initialism50 Synonyms for â€Å"Villain†

There are myths surrounding creativity. The intangible nature of Essay - 1

There are myths surrounding creativity. The intangible nature of creativity does not lend itself to easy definition - Essay Example It takes place generally when the recent product plan is really implemented (Thompson, 1965). The author favours this definition because it makes creativity or innovation tangible as well as measurable relatively than a theoretical concept. In organization, innovation is observed as a relating process consisting of different stages. First stage is expressed as the commencement stage where the new proposal is introduced, authorized, and established for adoption. Next stage is described as the implementation phase which comprises of the changes in the actual management that happens in the company, as the modernization is placed into operation (Rogers, 1983). The aim of the paper is to explain the hypothesis of different models and theories on innovation and to focus on the fact that how innovation is important for the organization. This model is projected by Eric Von Hippel, which explains the type of innovation whereby the users originates the changes as well as carry out distribution and production. This model could also be relevant to the physical products. Innovation is reasonably viable to handle without a producer if three circumstances are satisfied: the continuation of an inducement for the users to create or innovate; the continuation of an incentive in order to disclose innovations; and the probability to allocate innovations at the low cost. This model describes interesting patterns of innovation that have possibly existed in certain areas but have not been observed until now by the specialists of innovation (Haddon, 2006). It proposed that the manufacture as innovator postulation is wrong; a new means to classify investors has been planned. It explains that the innovation of product could initiate from any one of the three distinct sources i.e. users, producers and suppliers; who are also considere d as innovators (Edquist, Hommen and Tsipouri, 2000). The main consequence is that the ‘distributed innovation procedure’

Environmental Studies Class Journal Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Environmental Studies Class Journal - Case Study Example It would be helpful if we could shut down some of the less efficient plants, even if we can't close all of them. Natural gas is one of the state's largest source of energy and only 10% of the state's energy comes from renewables, mostly geothermals followed by biomass, wind, and solar. Economic analyses are decision-making tools for energy projects and techniques to choose among a number of different options. They do not include the benefit to the environment, the benefit to society, or whether you're being a good neighbor. Objectives for this unit are to understand that these analyses can range from simple to complex, be able to review and understand assumptions, be familiar with the limits, and be able to run through example calculations. Types of economic analyses include rough order of magnitude estimates for budget purposes (ROM), Simple payback, and Internal rate of return (IRR). These are used both on new building projects and retrofits. Investment decision types involved in a nalyses include to accept or reject a single project or system operation, to select an optimal efficiency level for a building system, select an optimal system type from competing alternatives, select an optimal combination of interdependent systems, and/or rank competing projects to allocate a limited budget. Assumptions are everything. They define the project and state the objectives, they establish first cost, cost of energy, cost of labor and materials, cost of maintenance, cost of money, tax credits, and inflation. You need to know where they came from, which ones are solid as compared to guesses, and how to adjust when solid numbers are available. To get an idea of how to do this, we looked at the simple payback analysis. The equation is simple payback (in years) = cost divided by savings where the cost is the cost of the project in dollars and the savings are annual energy savings in dollars. In comparing options, you subtract the cost of one benefit over the other. For cost, you should list the assumptions and the sources you used to reach that number, then use the cost difference between the different options. Do the same thing for savings, convert all units to dollars per year. We looked at a refrigerator analysis as an example in which the simple payback was about one and a half years. Then we looked at the example of a water heater which included more complex variables. These two examples really helped demonstrate the important role played by the assumptions that effects the overall solution. The example with the compact fluorescent bulbs showed how to use the spreadsheet program to help us work out the details and allows us to change the variables when we need to, for example if an assumption has changed. After the break, we looked at an online tool that would do these analyses which showed why it's important for us to be able to check these figures for ourselves and then moved on to talk about energy action plans. The second half of class looked at an energy action plan. This was accomplished by looking at the specific example of Stanford University. He talked about the importance of knowing the location, getting management interested, getting the users involved, the maintenance people involved, and performing the energy audit from a variety of perspectives. Things that were important in this section were involving maintenance, the design team, the issue of capital improvement, non-stop measurement,

Dispersed Team Dynamics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dispersed Team Dynamics - Term Paper Example It may be good for dispersed teams to hire external consultants to develop improved leadership in the virtual team environment. Such consultants are likely well aware of the digital technologies rather than face to face communication and team building methods to promote virtual team leadership. Buono (2004, p.144) reflects that the team leader can use the consultant’s expertise and experience to foster knowledge/information sharing in the workgroup environment. It is evident that the use of advanced technologies and hiring of external management consultants would incur additional costs for organizations. In case of digital communication networks and other technologies, the organization needs to spend further for maintenance and updation purposes, and this situation may increase the overall operating costs of the business. In addition, the company may have to raise additional funds to finance face to face orientation meetings and other workshop programs designed to improve inte rpersonal communication among the team members. Although the virtual team development requires such additional investments, this initial spending would benefit organizations to improve the performance efficiency of teams and to increase the operating revenues in the long run. To be more specific, when mutual trust and communicative relationships are improved in the virtual team environment, the team members tend to engage more actively in their work tasks, and this situation may increase the overall employee productivity.

Global Recession: US Responses

Global Recession: US Responses LCB/2356 Explain the predictions that the OECD have made concerning the US economy, making sure that you define the terms â€Å"Budget Deficit† and â€Å"Debt† in your solution. A budget deficit is when the nations is spending more then their revenue received. This would mean that expenditure exceeds tax revenue resulting to a budget deficit. The term â€Å"Budget Deficit† is usually used to refer the government expenditure rather than businesses. A debt is an amount of money that is owed to another person or organizations. A debt is usually repaid after a certain amount of time given or when is able too depending on the situation. A debt is a method that is used for some corporation or businesses for making a large purchase of something that they cant afford. The prediction made by the OECD with the budget deficit of 2011 being tacked at 10% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the American debt increasing to 101.1% of GDP. This helps prove the fact that the American government is spending way more than its actually receiving in revenue. This would also help us assume that the American government is putting into effect on the fiscal policy which means that the government increases their spending and decreases taxation. This would lead to budget deficit as expenditure surpasses revenue. There are two schools of thought on how the US government should deal with its current economic problems Deficit Reduction As for the Greek and Irish Governments, Deficit reduction entails a fiscal policy where it decrease the governments spending and increases the taxation rates in order to increase revenue. The objective of a deficit reduction is to make sure that the revenue that the nation is getting are greater than the expenditure that they are doing. Therefore reducing the deficit and possibly bringing about a surplus in budget. A budget surplus would help the nation pay its debts therefore giving the government a capable of developing without having have to repay theirs debts in long term which will also ease up the political tensions with other nations economically. Contractionary fiscal policy, while the budget deficit is reduced and also decreasing the national’s debt, it also has a lot of disadvantages to it. As it decreases the expenditure, aggregate demand would decrease because it is Consumption + Investment + government Spending + (Export – Imports) (C+I+G+(X-M). As increasing the taxes it would reduce the aggregate demand therefore it may cause disincentives to work therefore it would affect the productivity, However this would not effect is the income is really high and balances out with the higher tax. As the government’s spending decreases this would also lead to increase in unemployment which would lead to decrease in consumption because there is no money to be spent by the general population. As shown in the graph above of a contractionary fiscal policy. The decrease in the amount of government spending, G in C+I+G+(X-M) leads to the Aggregate Demand Curve shifting inwards from the AD to AD1. Therefore this will decrease the price level which is an indication of inflation in the economy as shown from PL to PL1. This would also lead to the Real Domestic Output to be decrease from RDO to RDO1. We have to consider the long term affects of Contractionary Fiscal Policy that while it allows a decrease in debt, decrease in spending and increased revenue which reduces the budget deficit. The problem that arises from this as unemployment and decrease in government spending will result in low economic growth and giving it slow progression. Fiscal Stimulus and Progressive Taxation Another school of thought regarding the plan of action to deal with the ongoing American economic crisis is to implement a Keynesian stimulus package with the reform of the tax system in order to make it more progressive. A Keynesian stimulus package is when the government puts in more money in the economy in order the strengthen the economy and preventing a recession by boosting employment and spending, this is also known as a expansionary fiscal policy. A Expansionary Fiscal Policy seeks to expand the money supply in order to have a higher economic growth. The long term effects of expansionary fiscal policy would also have to be considered, Constant economic growth, more job employments, and also more consumption which helps with the economy. However, As the economic grows the inflation rates does too, it also leads to an increase of budget deficit as the expenditure is higher than the revenue gained and increasing the debt that the government would borrow, which eventually would h ave to be repaid. Therefore as for the government to spend more they would have to increase the taxation to balance out the revenue and expenditure. A progressive tax system is when the taxable base amount increase, the tax rates would too. This refers to the more money the person or the organizations makes, the more tax they are charged and the less they are making the less tax they would have to pay. This aims to allow the lower tax payers to be able to keep more money in order for them to continue consuming while increasing the tax revenue. However, people in the higher tax bracket would find this unfair because they would rather everyone pay the same amount therefore implementing this system would make it hard. One of the main goal of the progressive income tax is to make it a tool for redistributing income from the upper class to the lower and middle class, this would help keep the income gap from growing between the rich and the poor. It would also give more revenue to the government because they are collecting more money from the higher incomer earners. This is make the government collect more money from the tax payers rat her than if everyone had to pay the same amount or percentage. As a result, this would help the government develop or provide more programs and services that benefit the society. However progressive tax system also has some disadvantages for it, One would be that some businesses would be discouraged to expand or invest as additional profit is taxed at higher prices. It would also make people feel discrimination as I said before the higher tax earners would see it unfair to them because this system doesn’t promote equality amongst individuals. As shown in the graph above, Its showing the effects of the expansionary fiscal policy, when the government spendings are increased leading to an increase in aggregate demand from AD to AD1 as G in C+I+G+(X-M) making the Aggregate Damand curve to shift inwards. This would also mean that the increase in Price Level, Which is from PL to PL1 and an increase in Real Domestic Output, Which is from RDO to RDO1. Explain in broad terms the background to the â€Å"Credit Crunch† and how this impacted on the real economies of both the USA and the UK The â€Å"Credit Crunch† also known as the financial crisis of 2007 to 2008 is the worst global financial crisis since the â€Å"Great Depression† of the 1930s with its after effects still being considered still as shown by the Euro Crisis. There may be a number of reasons which may include of the credit crunch but its not limited to; the burst of the housing bubble in America, Lack of banking regulation, however the biggest cause would be the encouraged risk of taking from years of stable economic growth and low inflation rates which makes the borrowing and purchasing of bad securities and properties. The housing bubble of America started earlier in 2006 as the house prices were all risen up more than 100%, this is beause of the ease of attaining mortgages at that time. This led to people deciding to take loan and acquire additional property in order to take advantage of the higher value in properties, in other words to buy and resell properties to make a profit. Regardless of that, people in the end are not able to pay their loans because of predatory lending, which is when the loans are advertised at a low interest rate but are switch out to adjustable rate mortgages where the interest charged would be higher amount of the interest paid. This then led to people having have to lose their properties and also leading to a huge decrease in property prices. Therefore this would lead up to a liquidity issue however banks had no liquid assests and leading to the decline and eventually bankruptcy of many banks. The collapse of the mortgage repayment was considered the start of the financial crisis. Another reason would be that the lack of financial regulation and supervision of financial institution who were involved in the risky investments, excessive borrowing and lack of transparency. The borrowing of money made by many banks in order to invest in their project usually ended up being a failure resulting of the bank investing on something that they cant make profit off therefore giving them the inability to repay their debts. The fact that this happened in a very large scale in cooperating many different banks linking each other, it led to the bankruptcy of both borrowers and lenders giving them no more or insufficient money to function. References http://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/expansionary_policy.asp (Accessed 20.11.14 [Online]) http://www.econport.org/content/handbook/ADandS/AD/Shift.html (Accessed 20.11.14 [Online]) http://www.sparknotes.com/economics/macro/aggregatedemand/section1.rhtml (Accessed 20.11.14 [Online]) http://www.ehow.com/info_7742308_pros-cons-budget-deficit.html (Accessed 20.11.14 [Online]) http://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/stimulus-package.asp (Accessed 22.11.14 [Online]) http://www.economicshelp.org/macroeconomics/fiscal-policy/fiscal_policy_criticism/ (Accessed 22.11.14 [Online]) http://hubpages.com/hub/Flat-Tax-vs-Progressive-Tax-Pros-and-Cons-for-the-US (Accessed 23.11.14 [Online]) http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/progressive-tax-system-definition-pros-cons.html (Accessed 23.11.14 [Online]) http://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/creditcrunch.asp (Accessed 26.11.14 [Online]) http://www.investopedia.com/university/credit-crisis/credit-crisis4.asp (Accessed 26.11.14 [Online])

Biographical Narrative based on the video Fatal Game :: essays papers

Biographical Narrative based on the video 8216Fatal Game8217 Arising lethargic and groggy after their sleepless night at camp six, Mark Whetu and Mike Rheinberger were slow to dress, melt ice, and get out of the tent at three o’clock in the morning. They should have left at one at the latest but the wind was too gusty. Unfortunately, by the time they loaded their backpacks, strapped on their crampons and were ready to leave, it was three thirty. Mark, an experienced climber knew they wouldn’t summit before one p.m. but he had only been hired as a guide for Rheinberger, who, after seven tries at Mount Everest had still not been able to summit. For Rheinberger, descent was totally unacceptable. Too much labour, too many sleepless nights, and too many dreams had been invested to not summit. He couldn’t come back for another try next weekend. To go down now, would have raised one big question: what might have been? Mark was in front of Rheinberger and was growing impatient with his dismal pace. Ahead of them Mark spotted another team, returning unsuccessful from their summit attempt. As the other team passed, they chatted a little. It wasn’t until then that Mark realised how late it was. Twelve thirty. They were more than four hours from the summit, if they hurried. Rheinberger was not quitting now. Mark decided not to argue and the duo continued their ascent. At five thirty, when the light was slowly fading, they were so close to the summit. Rheinberger was quickening his pace now as he knew victory was in his grasp. At six o’clock, Rheinberger had finally accomplished what he been previously unable to do for the last ten years. But even in this moment of triumph, he was weakening with every oxygen-deprived breath. Down to one knee, watching the sun disappear, he looked like this was what he was sent to earth to do. Alarm soon hit them both, as when they were only meters from the top the light disappeared altogether. â€Å"We’ll bevy.† Suggested Rheinberger. â€Å"It’s the only thing we can do.† ‘Unfortunately he was right.’ Thought Mark. And so, they bedded down for the night in the death zone. A height where the body is dying – starved, from life giving oxygen.